Classical Music From 1760 To 1810

Classical Music From 1760 To 1810 Why is the music of 1760-1810 described as classical. Explain the meaning of the term and how it relates to the music of that time. Refer to specific composers and works. In musical context, the term classical refers to the classical period which falls between the Baroque and Romantic period. I am going to be looking at the most well known composers of this era (J. Haydn, W.A. Mozart L.V Beethoven) and analyse how their music differentiates from that of the Baroque period and how it led into the Romantic era. Starting from c.1760, the first composer I will be looking at is Haydn. At the time when the influence of church on music development was diminishing, Haydn was lucky enough to be employed by one rich family of the Austrian Empire. This proved rewarding, as it gave him the freedom to explore many different aspects of music, which led to his crucial role in the establishment of the key classical forms (such as the Symphony, the String Quartet, the Sonata and the Concerto). Although versions of all these existed, Haydn standardized these into well established musical forms and promoted them. Due to the many operas in which he wrote before this period, Haydn was well acquainted with the sinfonia form. However he was not content with adhering to this Italian model and the striving for originality (which led to the success of his career) became apparent in his works from 1761. He added two oboes, two horns to his first symphony. The wind parts show nothing unexpected, while the oboes often double the strings. The horns play fan-far like figures. The melody is divided between the violins (treated as if the work were a trio sonata) although often they play in unison. The lower strings are bound together almost entirely as their function is to provide harmony while maintaining a forward driving rhythm. There are many baroque features, as to be expected. When Haydn ran the Esterhazy orchestra during the 1760s he had the opportunity to experiment with symphonic writing, and it was during this decade there where he produced his first great symphonies. Over these 10 years, he wrote approximately 40 symphonies, around half of which followed a four-movement form with an added minuet as the third movement. He also composed a long list of works in other genres, including operas, oratorios and choral works. Specifically referring to his first set of symphonies , (No.6 Le Matin, 7 Le Midi, and 8 Le Soir), Haydn used a variety of stylistic influences. The most evident quality of these works is their added richness (compared to the first symphony he wrote), which is not from the use of novel or unexpected instruments, but from the utilization of the concerto principle within the symphonic framework. In some movements the strings are scored as ripieno with a concertino of two violins and a cello. In almost all movements the wind players depart from the role of sustaining harmonies to become soloists. In all three symphonies, the trio of the minuet movement contains a prominent part for the double bass recalling baroque practices in the concerto grosso; yet Haydn, using the standard combination of flutes, oboes, bassoons, horns, and strings, creates a modern orchestra which are retained and used by him in his later symphonies. Haydns main intention at this time seemed to be the virtuosity of his musicians, as each of these three symphonies abounds prominent solos from almost every section. Haydns efforts to standardize the type of symphony proved successful and for that must be credited with the far-reaching innovation of adding one of the Dance forms as a separate movement (most commonly a Minuet although only used from the third symphony and thereafter). This was the most consistent design for a scholastic and artistic style of the Symphony. By the early 1770s, Haydn was well known throughout Europe and in 1781 his symphonies were published in England for the first time. One problem that Haydn gave his immediate attention to was that of unifying thematic material, it is out of such attempts his great innovation of the 1780s were evolved. Sometimes Haydn would base a whole movement upon a single melodic fragment; more often, when decided harmonic contrasts exist between theme groups, the second theme is derived from the first. Haydn seems to have not appreciated, in these early works, the importance that he would later be attached to just the element he tried to expunge, namely, the element of thematic contrast or conflict. Even in his later works the contrasts were seldom as clearly established as in the compositions of Mozart and early Beethoven. Thematic contrast is missing almost entirely in Symphonies No.3-42 (1759-1771), and lyric themes, such as occur in Mozart repeatedly, are equally rare. Haydn was well known throughout Europe when Mozart was a child. His six string quartets (often referred to as the Sun quartets) were written in 1772 and are said to be the inspiration for the six string quartets that Mozart wrote during his 1773 visit to Vienna. Haydn developed the polyphonic techniques he had gathered from the previous era to provide structural coherence capable of holding together his melodic ideas. During this time, Mozart developed an enthusiasm for violin concertos, producing a series of five which increase in their musical sophistication and technical difficulty. In 1776, he turned his efforts to piano concertos and in early 1777 his E-flat concerto was so popular, it is now considered to be his breakthrough work. It was around 1783-84 that Mozart met Haydn in Vienna when Mozarts reputation was on the rise. His opera the abduction from the seraglio had premiered with great success in Vienna and was in the process of being performed in many other cities. Mozarts Haydn quartets were written during the early years of their friendship and were published in 1785. These works are thought to be stylistically influenced by Haydns Opus 33 series which were released in 1781. This series was Haydns next important breakthrough, where melodic and harmonic roles segue among the instruments and often it is unclear what is melody and what is harmony. While Haydn spent much of his working life as a court composer, Mozart wanted public success in the concert life. This meant opera, in a virtuoso style. Moreover, Mozart also had a taste for chromatic harmony (and greater contrasts in harmonic language generally). In Mozart, Haydn found a greater range of instrumentation, dramatic effect and melodic writing. Their learning relationship worked both ways. Mozarts works, like Haydns stand as an archetype of the classical period. He was a versatile composer, and wrote in every major genre (symphony, opera, solo concerto, chamber music and the piano sonata). These forms had been well established by Haydn, but Mozart advanced the technical sophistication and emotional reach of them all. He almost solely developed and popularized the Classical piano concerto. The main features of the classical style are all present in Mozarts music. Clarity, balanced phrases, and transparency are the hallmarks of his works, but any simplistic notion of delicacy masks the exception power and force of his finest masterpieces, such as his Piano Concerto No.24 in C minor, his Symphony No.40 in G minor and the opera Don Giovanni. During Mozarts last decade as a composer, he exploited the use of chromatic harmony with remarkable confidence, which was rare at the time, but with great effect. At the peak of the classical period, composers were faced with a dilemma: enlarging the classical forms or simply abandoning them for a new musical paradigm. The political and social context around this time was calling for a major reshape of musical expression. When the age of revolutions began in 1789, the growing role of middle-class saw an increasing involvement by a new generation of artists and composers and this was reflected in the music that they wrote. Amongst this new generation of composers was Beethoven, who was the most crucial figure in this transitional period between the Classical and Romantic period, specifically his early years, which is known as his heroical period (up to 1812). From Beethovens first set of three piano trios, some of Mozarts techniques are evident such as avoiding the expected cadence. Haydn and Mozart were his strongest influences, but he explored new directions and gradually expended the ambition in his works. He did this through a number of techniques: a downward shift in melodies, increasing durations of movements, and the shift from vocal writing to pianistic writing. Also the increasing importance of varying accompanying figures to bring texture forward as an element in music became evident in his Symphonies. Slowly, direct influences of the Baroque period continued to fade: the figured bass grew less prominent as a means of holding performance together. The late classical period was demanding music that was internally more complex. The growth of concert societies and orchestras, marking the importance of music as a part of the middle class lifestyle, contributed to a booming market for pianos, piano music, and virtuosi. Furthermore, due to the growing number of performances where the composer was not present, it led to increased detail and specificity in scores. The transition became apparent with Beethovens 3rd Symphony (written in 1804), given the name Eroica which s Italian for Heroic. As with Stravinskys Rite of Spring, it may not have been the first in all f its innovations, but its aggressive use of every part of the classical style set it apart from its contemporary works: in length, ambition, and harmonic resources. Conclusion During the Vienna years, when Mozart was influenced by Swieten to take up the study of Baroque counterpoint, Haydn loaned him his personal copy of a textbook by Fux, a copy which was heaFux, a copy which was heavily covered with Haydns personal annotations.

The Radio Makes My Ears Bleed :: essays research papers fc

The Radio Makes My Ears Bleed There is a major problem these days in entertainment, and that is there is such a lack of diversity in the music industry. Because of this problem, fewer bands will have the opportunity to go big, or get signed to a major record label. Small, local bands will never be able to get the popularity they deserve because every band is compared to one another. The same bands are played on the radio all the time, and instead of playing a variety bands, the same songs are looped and played all day long. This creates a problem because people, who think its only cool to listen to the radio, only experience the same pop music from bands signed to major labels. As a result of this, all the money stays in the corporate, record labels. I believe the main reasons are that people don't like change. It should be easier for listeners to access music of different genres. Radio stations are a major contributor to the problem of this lack of variety. They are afraid that if they play music other than what is pop, they will lose money and listeners, but in fact I believe that their listeners will grow if they expand their genres. There are several large, corporate record labels that basically empower all of the radio airwaves and MTV. I think that bands are afraid to try new styles also because once they get signed; they are controlled by their label and are influence by all the money that is tossed around. I think that some ways to fix all of these problems start with radio stations. There needs to be a station that can be accessed from all over that plays music from independent labels. I think that MTV needs to be taken off the air because the shows that it plays are all reality TV, and it no longer stands for what it was created to do, play music videos. Finally I think that another way to get independent music spread around is that have more tours like Warped Tour. I think there need to multi-stage, multi-band concerts that travel the United States. Clear Channel for example, is a company that owns of 1,200 radio stations, 37 T.V. stations, and 240 more investments in radio stations throughout the whole world. This is a great example of how all radio is the same, and controlled by a large company. They are in 248 of the top 250 radio markets, and control over half of all rock music stations. When one company owns more than half of our radio stations, you can understand why

Foreign Born American Writers Essay

American literature has changed and evolved from the early colonial days to develop characteristics that are unique and which identify it from other literary works. Several writers have contributed to the development of American literature. Some of these writers immigrated into the United States and their works were accepted into the American literary canon. Some of the notable foreign born American writers include Vladimir Nabokov, Isaac Bashevis Singer, and CzesA‚aw MiA‚osz (Czeslaw Milosz). Vladimir Nabokov was born in Russia in 1899 and moved to the United States in 1940 together with his family. Nabokov produced both fiction and non-fiction works including novels, short stories, drama, poetry, and some translations. Among his works is his 13th novel titled Pnin published in 1957 and built around the life of a Russian professor who moves into the US as a refugee and the challenges that the professor encounters in a new world (Boyd 271-287). Isaac Singer was a Jewish American author born in Poland and was the 1978 Nobel Prize winner in literature. Among his many collections is Gimpel the Fool and other Stories published in 1960. It has twelve short stories with a mix of contemporary and folk legend aspects and heavily based on Jewish life in Poland (Kirkus). Born in 1911 Poland, Czeslaw Milosz became an American citizen in 1970. Milosz is known for his poetry, essays, prose, and translations. He was the Nobel Prize winner in 1980 for his literary works. His A Magic Mountain poem reflects his personal experiences of living in Berkeley, CA (Kirkus). The three writers have received various recognitions for their contribution to the American literature. Each of the writers has written about his life experiences in the US depicting the differences and the challenges of adapting to a new world. References Boyd, Brian. Vladimir Nabokov: The American Years. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. 1991. Kirkus Rev. of Bells in Winter by Czeslaw Milosz. New York, NY: Ecco Press (1978). 2010. 5 May 2010. < http://books. google. co. ke/books? id=THVhAAAAMAAJ&source=gbs_book_other_versions> Kirkus Rev. of Gimpel the Fool and other Stories by Isaac Singer. New York, NY: Farrar, Strauss, and Giroux. (1960). 2010. 5 May 2010. < http://books. google. co. ke/books? id=yZJnPwAACAAJ&dq=isaac+bashevis+singer+gimpel+the+fool&source=gbs_book_other_versions>

Should Abortion Be Legal - 1452 Words

Travis Lignell Argumentative Essay 04/28/2015 With forty five million abortions per year worldwide, the abortion debate is full of what people consider being right or wrong, or whether deliberately terminating a pregnancy before the birth of the child is in essence, murder. (6) Abortion is an extremely painful topic for both men and women who have put themselves in the situation of whether or not to end a pregnancy. It is one of the most polarizing moral issues and most people are very strong opinionated on one side or the other, with very few people considering themselves undecided. Twenty-one percent of all pregnancy’s end in abortion (8), and I will argue that abortion should be illegal, with exception to those who are victims of rape or incest. My opponent made many excellent arguments about why abortion should be illegal. First, he stated that even in cases where the mother has been raped, she should still deliver the baby. Second, he argued, that the mental health of the mother, while important, should not come bef ore the life of the fetus due to the fact it is not the baby’s fault of how it has been brought into this world. He argued that the life of the baby should not be sacrificed for any reason. However, in this essay I will argue that my opponent, while right on many levels, should not illegalize abortion entirely, but should in fact allow abortion when the circumstances result in unwanted pregnancy due to rape or incest. According to the fact sheet doneShow MoreRelatedAbortion Should Not Be Legal1647 Words   |  7 PagesOne of the most highly debated topics is abortion and whether or not it should be legal. People who oppose abortion, meaning they are pro-life claim that abortion should be completely illegal with no aspects of it whatsoever; it can be a murder for the people standing against it. The other side of the argument, meaning people who are pro-choice, defend it by believing it to be a right been given to the women. They also claim even if abortion was to be illegal, it would still be practiced. EveryRead MoreAbortion Should Not Be Legal920 Words   |  4 Pagesworld has struggled with for ages and one thing that people are advocating around the world for is abortion. Abortion is either a procedure or pill that stops a fetus s heart. Abortion should not be legal because life beings at creation, abortions are a direct violation of the 14th amendment, and thousands of people would love to adopt a child: handicapped or otherwise. Abortion should not be legal because life begins at creation. What is creation? Some people say conception, but it actually isRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?1320 Words   |  6 PagesAbortion, as you all may know, is a really popular topic. There have long been many debates between the two groups, pro-life and pro-choice. People who are pro-life believe that part of the government’s job is to protect all forms of human life. Those who are pro-choice believe that every individual should have control over their own reproductive systems. Pro-life supporters strongly believe that even an undeveloped fetus has life; it is still growing and it needs to be protected. And this soundsRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?1217 Words   |  5 PagesNovember 2015 Should Abortion be Legal Among all the issues that have been fought for or against in the United States, abortion may be one of the most popular issues that Americans are passionate about. Abortion is defined as the removal of the embryo or fetus from the uterus in order to end a pregnancy. Thousands of abortions take place every single day, and yet public opinion remains at a standstill as to whether or not abortion is ethical. Everyone holds different opinions on abortion. The proponentsRead MoreAbortion Should Not Be Legal Essay1596 Words   |  7 Pages Abortions have been performed on women for thousands of years. Abortion is the deliberate termination of a human pregnancy. Most often it is performed during the first 20 weeks of being pregnant. The controversy over whether or not abortion should be legal continues to divide Americans till this day. An important landmark case was the Roe v. Wade case, where the Court argued that the zone of privacy was broad enough to encompass a woman s decision whether or not to terminateRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal? Essay1089 Words   |  5 PagesWhen the word abortion is heard, it is always associated with many negative things such as murder and inhumanity. However not legalizing abortion creates a huge problem for women around the world. Having a child takes consideration, planning and preparation and if pregnancy happens without any of this, why bother to have it at all? The reasons why abortion should be legal is that it supports the fundamental human rights for women by giving them a choice, it reduces crime by reducing the number ofRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?1135 Words   |  5 PagesKelsi Hodgkin Composition 1 Professor Chipps 19 October 2015 Should Abortion Be Legal A common debate in the world today involves abortion, the deliberate end of human pregnancy, and whether or not it should be legalized. â€Å"Every year in the world there are an estimated 40-50 million abortions. This corresponds to approximately 125,000 abortions per day† (â€Å"Abortions Worldwide this Year†). On one side of the argument, people are not disturbed by this grotesque number, and on theRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?963 Words   |  4 PagesLegal or Illegal? Which would you prefer? Not many are willing to discuss such a gut wrenching topic, but this needs to be addressed. It is a very controversial topic with having to do with women rights and activists. Since there are two sides to every argument, there is one side such as to make abortion legal and the opposing side to keep abortions illegal. In my opinion making abortion illegal can regulate the amount of women who do get pregnant. I believe that making abortions legal will let womenRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?867 Words   |  4 PagesABORTION Abortion is a deliberate termination of a human pregnancy, most often performed the first 20 weeks of pregnancy. There are series of legal, moral and ethical issues which may arise about abortion. Most arguments about abortion are often focused on political insinuations and the legal aspect of such actions. Some frequently asked questions’ regarding the issue is if the practice should be outlawed and regarded as murder or should women have the right to practice it. For example, prior toRead MoreShould Abortions Be Legal?939 Words   |  4 PagesShould abortions be legal? Abortions have been a big issue since the Roe v Wade case. There have been a lot of disagreements between the Pro-life supporters and the pro-choice supporters. Pro-life supporters feel like abortions deter murder, while pro-choice supporters believe that the women should be able to make their own decisions. I am a part of the pro-life supporters because I feel like abortions are wrong for several of reasons. Why should women get an abortion if there are other choices for

American Propaganda In World War II - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 899 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/10/30 Category Politics Essay Level High school Topics: Propaganda Essay Did you like this example? American Propaganda in World War II sounded interesting. It sounded interesting because I was curious how propaganda could benefit the US in world war II. At the same time, I wanted to understand what propaganda was all about. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "American Propaganda In World War II" essay for you Create order When I think of propaganda, I think of hatred toward another country. What also comes to mind is comic books, magazines, newspapers, radio, posters, even television that would show propaganda. While discussing this topic with my Grandma over Christmas break, she especially remembered comic books and movies showing propaganda. When investigating the use of propaganda in world war II, I have come to believe that propaganda was mainly used to try and influence both neutral and enemy counties, basically, try and shape international oppinion. Propaganda impacted the America citizens during world war II because it encouraged American people to enlist in the military, assisted the war by mandating Americans to buy war bonds, persuaded the Americans to ration materials and impacted influential public opinion in neutral countries. Propaganda had a huge impact on Americans enlisting into the military, in fact, 16 million Americans enlisted in the military during that time. The U.S Government was able to use propaganda to get the American people to enlist in the military. Many people joined the military just because they saw the adds. Propaganda had the ability to show people how devistating another country could be and how the US needed to defeat the enemies. Therefore, the US needed to be involved to stop other countries that were trying to enforce their beliefs on the whole world. Some people consider propaganda as a weapon because it can be seen by the enemys country. Propaganda can defeat other countries in some ways. In other words, Propaganda was able to shape peoples opinions about the enemy. Political propaganda touched on mans sense of being a man. Propaganda also tried to show that a woman wanted to be a part of the military forces. The military played a huge role influenced by Propaganda during World War II. However, buying war bonds also helped the U.S conserve their resources and not run out of materials that they need. Having war bonds assisted the US by taking money out of circulation, so one could only use war bonds to get the supplies that one needed and one could only get a certain amount of war bonds. The number of war bonds one got was based on the size of one’s family. War bonds were used to buy materials, food and other supplies that one might need in one’s daily life. When using war bonds the US is basically saying theres a limited supply of a product that one can get in a month. There really was no way of getting more product unless somebody would give one an extra war bond. However the US government really never issued extra war bonds. Rationed materials and foods seemed to be the thing to do during world war II. With the many challenges the American people went through during this time, it was necessary to ration gas, food and clothing. Every person was affected by the war and all had to react and be proactive, Rationing was introduced to prevent public anger with the shortages and not have only the wealthy be able to purchase items. Propaganda was used by Government -sponsored ads and radio shows. Pamphlets were even dispersed asking Americans to comply. Propaganda was a highly effective tool to get a communication out to the American people. Each family was given â€Å"Red Stamps and Blue Stamps†. â€Å"Red Stamps† were to purchase meats, butter, fat and oils and at times cheese. The â€Å"Blue Stamp† was to purchase fruits that were canned or bottles. Also, juices, and dry beans, soups, processed food, baby food, and ketchup. Actual training sessions were developed for women to teach them how to shop wisely and prepare nutritious meals for their families. Propaganda played a role in assisting all citizens to comply. Influencing International opinion was very important during the World War II and propaganda was used as the United States weapon. Propaganda was seen as a forcible form of purposeful persuasion that was an attempt to influence the attitudes and emotions of the American citizens. The targeted audience was for a political or commercial purpose. Messages were controlled and meant to be one-sided messages. This information could be factual or non-factual. However, it was delivered via mass and direct media to persuade people to believe what is being portrayed. Propaganda had a huge impact on public opinion, it influenced and persuaded society. Propaganda was the key when attempting to grab the mass media and be used as a way to provide information to educate and inform the American society. In conclusion, I believe that propaganda has impacted the America citizens during world war II as many American people were encouraged to enlist in the military. Citizens also assisted the war by buying war bonds and worked hard to ration materials. The biggest impact I noticed was the influential public opinion in neutral countries and the hardcore persuasion of the American people. Propaganda was made to influence citizens that another country what is in the wrong. True or untrue propaganda was there to influence peoples opinions about other countries. in my opinion I feel like propaganda was one of the ways America won the war.

The, The Wife Of Bath s Fourth Husband - 1162 Words

In a time like the renaissance when people did not brush their teeth or practice even semi proper hygiene, how can we even begin to compare love to what it is today? Love throughout time is filled with imbalance yet the causes vary greatly. It could stem from overbearing partners and jealousy, financial turmoil, or infidelity. When we notice these imbalances in love, specifically marriages, we must look to see where love meets real life, and if the two are realistically compatible in this time period. In the Canterbury Tales, The wife of bath’s fourth husband had a mistress, his ease of conscience accompanying his infidelity suggests that he did not love her as much as she loved him. This imbalance of love within their relationship caused her to act in very irrational ways, â€Å" I say, I had in heart great anger that he had delight in any other† (Chaucer 481-482). Despite her proclaimed immense love for him, she was still able to be unhappy. As a result of her miser y, she became equally, physically abusive towards him. This begs the question of whether love was equivalent to what it is today. When one considers that the wife of bath married her husbands for their money rather than love, why should we care about whether or not they are actually in love? It is difficult to believe that when a person marries for money that they will experience the same emotions and feelings as a person who marries out of love. The Fabliaux exemplifies what happens to a marriage when there isShow MoreRelatedEssay about Analysis Of Wife Of Bath1163 Words   |  5 Pagesof the Wife of Bath.The wife of Bath is a tough woman with a mind of her own and she is not afraid to speak it. She intimidates men and woman alike due to the strength she possesses. But instead of showing this as a positive characteristic, Chaucer makes her toothless and ugly. However, Chaucer, instead of portraying her low-social class as shameful, Chaucer showed that she is actually prudent and eloquent. Chaucer sympathizes with her because he himself was considered low-class. The wife of BathRead MoreThe Wife Of Bath, By William Shakespeare1636 Words   |  7 PagesThe Wife of Bath tale, was a turnaround for women and how they are viewed in society and in tales. It took a women’s prologue and a tale about a wife that created a different look for women and a different role that they could play besides a hopeless character. Even though it wasn’t normal for a woman to have dominance in society let alone a tale. The article even explained how the women went through by being widow. This prologue and tale showed us how women were able to change that and do so. InRead MoreThe Ideas Of Reality And Ideal Life Of Women And Marriage1542 Words   |  7 Pagesthe contradictory ideas of reality and ideal life of women and marriage. Chaucer explicitly refutes the misogynistic ideals when the Wife of Bath argues her point using scripture, behaviors of women from his other tales in similarity to the Wife of Bath and detailed events throughout the prologue of the Wife’s roles in her marriages. To begin with, the Wife of Bath argues and opposes the traditional rules of women by quoting scripture. First she quotes two men in the bible, Abraham and Jacob whoRead MoreRole of Women in Sir Gawain and The Green Knight and The Wife of Bath’s Tale1651 Words   |  7 PagesIn the Middle Ages, the roles of women became less restricted and confined and women became more opinionated and vocal. Sir Gawain and The Green Knight presents Lady Bertilak, the wife of Sir Bertilak, as a woman who seems to possess some supernatural powers who seduces Sir Gawain, and Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Wife of Bath Prologue and Tale, present women who are determined to have power and gain sovereignty over the men in their lives. The female characters are very openly sensual and honest aboutRead MoreThe Wife Of Bath s Tale Prologue And Story878 Words   |  4 Pagesit back later. In the Wife of Bath’s Tale Prologue and story, this idea called into question. During both of these stories, the idea of give and take is a major topic. Largely because the ones that are getting, are giving up essential control over their lives. In a world where divorce seems to be at an all time high, these tales attempt to shed light on what it would take to create a happy marriage or relationship. During the prologue of The Wife of Bath’s Tale, the wife discusses her thoughtsRead MoreAnalysis Of Geoffrey Chaucer s The Time Of Women 1760 Words   |  8 Pagescombat the roles placed on them. The Wife of Bath is a great example of how women would take back agency in a world where they were under the thumb of the men they married. There is no real way to say that the Wife of Bath is a feminist because that concept was not around in Chaucer’s time but the Wife of Bath is a proto-feminist. She has the makings, and beginnings of a feminist and this paper will touch on the ways in which the feminism comes out in the Wife of Bath prologue and tale. During Chaucer’sRead MoreThe Wife Of Bath, By Chaucer Essay970 Words   |  4 Pagesto explore the Wife of Bath, her character, appearance, and tale. For the purpose of establishing a correlation between; the perceptions of the other pilgrims, the Wife’s apparent nature, and the tone of her tale. Slade suggest that Chaucer intended the Wife as an ironic character (247). A perspective that is supported by Chaucer’s treatment of the Wife in her description and prologue. The Wife, unlike the other pilgrims who are identified by their occupations, is identified as a wife. Regardless ofRead MoreThe Canterbury Tales By Geoffrey Chaucer2664 Words   |  11 Pagesand clearly very important to Chaucer. The Prologue gives the reader a general over-view of each of the characters; he separates each character by his or her social class, religious life, and morality. The Prioress and The Wife of Bath tales further reveal his opinions on women s roles and position in society . Chaucer makes it clear that men and women have very different roles and expectations; but they all either serve themselves, or others; and this is the trait that Chaucer uses to characterizeRead MoreThe Canterbury Tales By Geoffrey Chaucer2648 Words   |  11 Pagesand clearly very important to Chaucer. The Prologue gives the reader a general over-view of each of the characters; he separates each character by his or her social class, religious life, and morality. The Prioress and The Wife of Bath tales further reveal his opinions on women s roles and position in society. Chaucer makes it clear that men and women have very different roles and expectations; but they all either serve themselves, or others; and this is the trait that Chaucer uses to characterizeRead More The Chrysanthemums Essay1649 Words   |  7 Pagespersonification which increase the stories feeling and value exponentially. Steinbeck was critically acclaimed for his portrayal of the â€Å"common man† thro ugh his ability to illustrate in a â€Å"realistic style rich with symbolism,† the essence of life in the 1930’s (Price, Victoria). The setting of the story is unique because it has a direct connection with the author; Salinas California is Steinbeck’s birthplace (Millichap, Joseph R). Herein lays the stories first embodiment of dramatic tone as well as the description

Distribution System Of Coca Cola Company

Question: Discuss about the Distribution System of Coca Cola Company. Answer: Introduction In the recent times, simply producing products is not enough, the marketers have to ensure the fact that the products are delivered to the right market at the right time to the right people at the right cost (Aylott and Brindle-Wood-Williams, 2007). So this emphasizes upon the importance of distribution channels in the modern day business operations. Thus taking into consideration the above aspects, the report emphasizes upon analyzing the products, the strategies and the practices of the Coca Cola Company that supplies its beverage bases and syrups to Coca-Cola Amatil (CCA) which is one of the largest bottlers of non-alcoholic beverages in the Aiasa-Pacific region. It is one of the worlds five major coca-cola bottlers and is headquartered at North Sydeny, New South Wales, Australia (Coca-cola, 2014). The report tends to identify the gaps in the current offerings of the company and provide suggestions in the context of the opportunities. It also analyzes the distribution channel and marketing topics that include the vertical and horizontal integration. It has analyzed the problems faced by the company in delivering its products and has provided suggestions for improvements. It also incorporates the use of technology in the distribution channels and improvements to be made. The role of innovation in future growth of business has b een analyzed. The reports also incorporate the channel power and conflict and improvements made over the years, the SWOT analysis and competitor analysis. It also includes conclusion as a summary of the above findings. Products, Strategies and Practices of Coca Cola Coca-Cola was the only flagship brand that was sold by the Coca Cola Company for almost 70 years. However Since the year 1995, the company started expanding its offerings leading to the addition of a wide variety of beverage selections and portion sizes for the consumers. This reveals the companys commitment towards offering an assortment of beverages for everyday lifestyle, life occasion and life stage. Thus, at present the company offers500 beverage brands that are sold in more than 200 countries across the globe (Coca-cola, 2014). So it leads to more than 3500 beverages in different categories like low and no-calorie sparkling beverages, regular beverages, fruit drinks, fruit juices, bottled water, energy drinks, sports drink, ready to drink teas and coffee. The strategies that have been adopted by the company in order to market its presence in the market outpace the competitors can be illustrated as follows: Positioning Strategy Coca-Cola operates with the philosophy of think global, act local and thus even though the company keeps the same core product i.e. coke, it tries to adapt to the local needs. So it can be said the company uses strategic positioning to maintain its same image across the globe and this has been a great success since the brand is perceived by the consumers as a part of daily life everywhere in the world. This perception leads to high degree of loyalty and leads automatic purchase decisions. The brand is positioned as Live the coke side of life that exhibits that the company is dedicated to deliver joy and happiness (Yuvaraju, Subramanyam and Rao, 2014). Thus with the name of coke, the first thing that strikes the mind of the people is fun and entertainment. Strategies Positioning Strategy Live the coke side of life Differentiation Strategy Product differentiation and image differentiation strategies. Promotional Strategies price strategy trade promotion, sales promotion, purchase shelves in departmental stores to display their products (Wang, 2015) Distribution Strategies direct and indirect selling (Aylott and Brindle-Wood-Williams, 2007). Advertising Strategies Print Media TV commercial Holdings and billboards Social and digital media Competitive Strategies Marketing, innovation and globalization strategies Best Practices adopted by Coca-Cola Customer research Identify the changing consumer tastes and preferences Testing To align the products with consumers wants Entrepreneurship To encourage innovation and introduce new products Consumer driven practices To make consumer feel valued (Benard, Oketch and Matu, 2015) Value based management To offer enhanced value to consumers through live positively approach Gaps in Current Offerings and Recommendations In the recent times, not only the aged consumers but also the young consumers have become more health conscious and thus are emphasizing upon consuming far less sugar. So this can be looked upon as a major concern for Coca-Cola Company since the consumers are switching to Red Bull and other energy drinks in order to get their caffeine boost (Pope, 2011). So it can be recommended that the Coca-Cola Company should introduce health drinks in its product portfolio in addition to diet coke. Moreover it can also complement its beverage business though offerings it consumers some of its own branded snack foods. Distribution Channel of Coca-Cola The Coca-Cola Company can be looked upon as a global business that operates on a local scale and this has been possible because of the Coca-Cola system that includes the company itself and its more 250 bottling partners across the globe. The Company produces and sells and the beverage bases, concentrates and the syrups to the bottling operators and they manufactures, packages and distribute the final beverages to the vending partners and customers who then again sell the products to the consumers (Coca-cola, 2014). The bottling partners work in close relation with the customers i.e. the restaurants, grocery stores, the convenience stores, amusement parks and the movie theatres so that localized strategies that have been developed in partnership with the company can be executed efficiently (wordpress, 2015). Thus the points of sales the products of Coca-Cola are cauterized into: Distributors or wholesalers Corner stores, super markets or retailers Cafes, night clubs and restaurants Petrol stations In the context of its operations in Australia, the Coca-Cola Amatil is the bottling partner pf the company and it is the largest bottling partners in the Asia-pacific region. The distribution system can be represented as follows: [Source: wordpress, 2015] The Distribution Strategy of Company can be represented as follows: [Source: Christopher, 2006] Thus the Company uses both direct and indirect selling. In case of direct selling the products are supplied in the shops through their own transport and in case of indirect selling, the company maintains whole sellers and agencies that cover different regions. Horizontal and Vertical Integration of Coca-Cola Vertical integration can be defined as a competitive strategy that is adopted by the firms in order to take complete control over one or more stages in the production or distribution of its products. It is generally adopted to take full control over the supply chain. On the other hand horizontal integration drives the firm towards the acquisition of a related business. Thus in the context of vertical integration, Coca-Cola Company tends to own and manage a large portion of its manufacturing. Around 20% of the products of the company is produced by Coca-Cola Enterprises and this is the largest percentage (The Coca-Cola Company, 2014). In the context of horizontal integration, the Coca-Cola Company tends to dominate the beverage market and this is done by buying out and owning various brands that provides an opportunity to the company to expand and branch out within the market. Thus from the above discussions it can be said that Coca-Cola Company is more horizontally integrated rather than vertically integrated. Issues in Delivering Products and Offerings and Suggestions Since the ingredients of Coca-Cola is a trade secret, the company delivers the syrups and beverage bases to the bottling plant of Australia and then the final products are sold to the customers. Thus it can be called as a franchising distribution method. So where this method of delivery proves to be beneficial for the company in terms of no transportation fee, it also suffers from certain specific issues. The issues include lack of internal communication, high cost involved in internal distribution process and customer loyalty problems (wordpress, 2015). Suggestions It is suggested that the company should strive towards establishing a sophisticated distribution system that should include key functions like inventory management, orders for shipment, order status, account selection, electronic map and customer management. This would facilitate the company to identify and design the shortest route to deliver the products. The system should also be characterized with the real time update functions which would enhance its control and communication. In order to enhance the loyalty of the customers, the company should adopt intensive distribution strategy i.e. retail stores should be set by the company at some dense populated areas, leisure centre, convenience stores and shopping center. Moreover the company should also adopt the pull strategy for the promotion of their products. The company can accredit the retail stores by offering discounts and providing them free samples and loyalty points. The company can also use red billboards in the retail stores and supermarket stores which would appear attractive for the consumers which would stimulate the purchase activities. So the pull strategy would be beneficial in enhancing the customer relationship and loyalty. Use of technology in Distribution Channel The beverage companies like Coca-Cola want their distributors to add product to their portfolio while keeping the costs neutral or achieving reduced operating costs. So in this context, the company makes an effective use of storage technology that enhances the useful life of warehouses at minimal cost. The storage technologies used include the double deep racking, keg flow racking and mobile racking and these technologies facilitates in efficiently handling the fast growing inventories (Landi, 2015). Again it is also suggested that the company can use automated case handling system since it would facilitate the distributors in increasing and managing warehouse throughput and thus enhance order accuracy. The company can also use technologies like SmartTrak since it would enhance its visibilityin the industry pool (Landi, 2015). The company can easily view where the demand is and then move the inventory at the right time and at the right place and this would facilitate in enhancing the efficiency of the supply chain. Role of Innovation in Growth Innovation at present can be looked upon as a magic key to unlock the great competitive advantage and disrupting the entire market. In this context, Coca-Cola is observed to be leading the beverage industry. Coca-Cola even though being 129 year old mega corporation characterized with 500 brands, always strive for ways in which innovation can be achieved in all sphere of its operation and identifying ways to do things in a different manner (Demirel and Mazzucato, 2012). This can be illustrated with the examples like the eco-friendly beverage containers that are made of ice and these containers simply melt ways after use, the smart vending machines that facilitate the customers to mix and match the flavors (Communications, 2016). On the other hand the innovation has facilitated the company to come up with different brands and products that liked by the consumers and has stimulated the growth of the company. Channel Power and Conflict Channel Power In this context it is observed that some channel members require others more than others require them and thus there arise different sources of power (Consumerpsychologist, 2016). For example, Coca Cola Company generally strives towards adopting reward power since it is capable of reinforcing the channel members performance. As for example, Coca-Cola can offer price break or pay additional fees for additional shelf space. Moreover if a retailer meets certain goals for example sale of 50,000 cases per month is offered a bonus. Channel Conflict It is the conflict between the channel members. As for example, Coca-Cola might be interested in increasing its sales by offering certain level of discount on its cans. The retailers on the other hand, might be aware of the fact that overall soda sales would not go up much if the coke is put on sale since the consumers who usually prefer other brands would switch to Coca-Cola due to the discounts being offered (Consumerpsychologist, 2016). So in such cases, the retailers tend to pocket the discounts offered by the company. Channel SWOT Analysis of Coca Cola Strengths Coca-Cola has its presence in 200 countries across the globe and this has contributed towards the development of a mammoth brand name (Hartogh, 2014). This has been possible due to its largest distribution network and its franchising distribution system that facilitates in carrying out its philosophy of think global, act local. Weaknesses The issues like lack of internal communication, high cost involved in internal distribution process and customer loyalty problems can be looked upon as weaknesses in the distribution channel of Coca-Cola Company. Opportunities The supply chain is looked upon as major cost sink hole characterized with rising transportation costs. Moreover the business of Coca-Cola is dependant mainly upon transportation and distribution (Hartogh, 2014). So the company can use technological advancements to reduce the operational costs. Threats Sourcing of the raw material i.e. water is the major threat. This is due to rising scarcity of water since sooner or later someone might raise finger on the beverage companies and thus if water is limited or rationed then the company would experience a major fall in capacity of distribution. Competitor analysis The competitor analysis of Coca-Cola Company can be illustrated with the help of the following figure: [Source: Hoovers, 2016] Conclusion Thus from the above discussions, it can be inferred that even though Coca- Cola faces tough competition in the market from competitors like PepsiCo and others, the company has been successful in maintaining its market positioning and is continuously growing mainly because of its efficient distribution system and innovations that it emphasizes upon to as per the changing tastes and preferences of the consumers. References Aylott, D. and Brindle-Wood-Williams, D. (2007). Physical distribution in industrial and consumer marketing. 2nd ed. London: Hutchinson. Benard, K., Oketch, O. and Matu, P. (2015). 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