Management Concept Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management Concept - Essay Example The fact is, with onset of new era of globalisation, the workforce is increasingly varied and faces problems due to geographical constraints, multilingual offices, changing organisational cultures and shifting domains as seen in case of IT organisations. The need of the hour is to develop a strategy to project a unified organisational culture which defines the whole character of the organisation and fosters an attitude of comradeship across employees, verticals, units and businesses thus creating a potential for organic and inorganic organisational growth. The new model on motivation that combines tenets of neuroscience, biology and evolutionary psychology points towards four basic needs (or drives) that guide motivation levels in people. (Nohria Groysberg & Lee 2008) These four drives, namely, drive to acquire, bond, comprehend and defend underlies every thought and action of employees and it is only by satiating these drives that an organisation can boost employee morale, enhance c reativity and extract higher productivity which leads to wholesome growth. The article emphasises on the need to focus on all four tangents for the desired results as there is tendency among Managers to overlook one or all aspects of these drives with disastrous consequences in terms of attrition percentages evoking high levels of loss n terms f experienced resources and business accordingly. The tunnel vision of handful of managers can have grievous consequences according by squelching creativity and life out of the organisation and promoting a stagnant organisational culture.(Amabile 1998) The root cause of loss of creative inputs are attributed to various factors that affect the three pillars of creativity in resources which include expertise, creative thinking skills and motivation. Thus from the ideas of these researches it is imperative to develop a theory that would promote the motivation levels and help in retaining the creativity of the employees. The organisational culture reflects the degree of interrelationship between the employees and the set of values and ideals that join them. Organizations with clearly codified and enforced cultures enjoy great employee and customer loyalty, in large part because they are effective in either altering ineffective behaviours or disengaging from values-challenged employees in a timely manner. ( Hessket Sasser and Wheeler 2008) Thus it is imperative that there is a positive culture that facilitates individual and organisational growth. The company can begin by promoting a clear, well organized mission statement which reflects the values and ideals stands up for and distinguishes it from its peers by reflecting for what it stands against. (Talbot 2003) The mission statement is important as it differentiates the company and lays down a clear line of ethics to be followed according to the organizations core values. The â€Å"IBMer† values that are instilled in every employee of IBM remind them of the core valu es of the organisation and its dedication to excellence in balancing personal and organisational goals. IBM markets itself as one of the best places to work due to the fact that it believes every employee is â€Å"special† and this is also propagated in its recruitment ad campaigns under the tag-â€Å"What makes you special?† Thus the company promotes a healthy image and strong organisation culture of mutual respect and camaraderie. The employees are given proper induction

Identity and Belonging Essay Example for Free

Identity and Belonging Essay My family and I left the Kabul for Pakistan in 1995. Our dream was a better life a life which we could sleep a night with peace a life which we could walk with no fair. Me and my father we were working as labour for a small company, it was 50/km far from our home and we were going there by my dad`s bicycle. The work was hard everything was hard there, but when I was coming home and looking that my brothers and sisters are having book to read and they are going to school, we have something to eat and no one is here try to kill us I was felling like i have everything. With our straggle and hard working in 1999 my dad buy a house we moved there our life was becoming more comfortable we were happy. But we didn’t know that now something really bad is running after us. A really nasty day my dad was sick at home I was coming from work it was 7pm, I saw a car blocked my way four guy was standing beside the care they abused me with a really bad language and said come to car, i run to fight with them two of them took out the gun and shot near to my feat , one of them came near to me and hit me with the gun I fall down, when I weak up, it was a dark house my head was full of blood. I remember, the days which my dad was taken to Taliban’s prising because he was translator of American embassy. My dad was too keen that get him out of that, for me it was impossible. After six years, here is now three more guys with me, they are using us as cleaner dish washer cocks any kind of work. Every day we were planning to escape from there but we couldn’t. In 2009 we scaped from there but just three of us get succeed. I came back to Pakistan to find my family but no one was there they escaped from Pakistan too. I didn’t know where to go i went to my dad`s friend place, he told me my dad went to Iran and after 5 years he went to Australia, so my dad and all the family was in Australia. I was really happy by hearing that because they were save now. I get the number and call him, he told me he will sponsor me and i will be there in just one year but it was too hard to stay one day because the Taliban’s were still after me. So i chooses illegal way to came to us, went to Indonesia we were 80 people in boat a small boat, he told me he will sponsor me and i will be there in just one year but it was too hard to stay one day because the Taliban’s were still after me.

Hamlet-identity Crisis Essay -- essays research papers

Shakespeare’s Hamlet is arguably one of the best plays known to English literature. It presents the protagonist, Hamlet, and his increasingly complex path through self discovery. His character is of an abnormally complex nature, the likes of which not often found in plays, and many different theses have been put forward about Hamlet's dynamic disposition. One such thesis is that Hamlet is a young man with an identity crisis living in a world of conflicting values. An identity crisis can be defined as 'a psychosocial state or condition of disorientation and role confusion occurring especially in adolescents as a result of conflicting internal and external experiences, pressures, and expectations and often producing acute anxiety.' (www.dictionary.com) It was apparent that Hamlet did indeed have an identity crisis because of his conflicting internal and external experiences and the pressures and expectations from those in the Royal Court of Denmark. He endures conflicting internal and external experiences such as the ghost of his father requesting him to exact revenge on Claudius and in doing so contradict all of the morals he has formed. Pressures to accept the dubious marriage of his mother to his uncle, pressure to accept Claudius as the new king and expectations from the court to be emotionally strong in spite of his father's demise and from the ghost of his father to avenge his death by killing Claudius all challenge Hamlet's strength of se lf. His anxiety is caused as a result of these external pressures. Hamlet lives in a country of different worlds. At the time, Denmark was in a state of transition between three metaphysical worlds; the heroic world, where a man's honour was foremost, killing was not accepted but expected, might was power, the Machiavellian world, an amoral world where politics and mind games were employed ruthlessly, the ends justified the means, and the Christian world of love and forgiveness. Hamlet was a Christian living in a dying Heroic world which was succumbing to the Machiavellian world. Hamlet's father, King Hamlet, belonged to the heroic world, and so for him revenge was of the utmost importance, shown by the fact that "but two months" (1:2, 136) after his death he returned to instruct Hamlet to avenge his murder. Hamlet's disgust at his mother's marriage to his uncle before "the salt of most unrighteous tea... ...ing madness to sanity are reminiscent of a bi-polar disorder such as manic depression. It is possible that Hamlet put on his antic disposition to allow himself freedom from the usual constraints and etiquette of the court so that he could use different means to discover Claudius' guilt without being discovered himself. Or his feigned madness may have been a reaction to the stress of his predicament, because in doing so he frees himself from having to make decisions on courses of action and he effectively becomes a spectator in the running of his own life. Hamlet is a man with an identity crisis because of the conflicting emotions he is feeling and expectations being thrust upon him. His eventual plunge into a state of insanity was a direct consequence of stress. The stress between worlds destroyed his moral base, the actions of his mother and his consequential treatment of Ophelia left him with no 'north point' to follow and his constant changing of moods either caused his crisis or were as a result of losing his way. Hamlet to this day remains a complex character in the centre of perhaps the finest play in the history of the English language.

Paraphrased Article Essay

â€Å"The Internet is becoming the town square for the global village of tomorrow. † Bill Gates, Founder of the giant Microsoft Corporations Ltd. Internet has arguably become one of the most indispensible parts of the lives of millions of people around the globe. There are not many laws which regulate the usage of internet for collecting information about the political processes, persona or policies. A common man can readily get involved in the political process by accessing the internet, reading various articles or news on National Politics and give his/her view on the same. The low cost model of the internet is an effective tool to involve millions of global citizens and make them active members in the political systems. The article ‘The Citizen Participation Gap: Can the Internet Help? ’ points out that the Internet is a medium which cuts across barriers and various sections of the society. It leverages from the varied social, political, and educational backgrounds of the users and thus adds multiple dimensions to the process of political participation. It is important to note that the usage of internet and age of the user are inversely proportional. As people grow old their internet usage goes down. For example,, most of the Internet users fall in the age group of 18-29 years. These users are active members of various social networking sites and many of them are online to investigate their political participation opportunities. Thus theoretically it could be claimed that it is the widespread reach and use of the Internet which has made it possible for young people ,to become the largest captive audiences to be involved in the process of political participation. One of the recent examples of this could be seen in the Indian politics wherein the ex foreign minister Mr. Shashi Tharoor garnered massive support from his followers on the social networking site twitter while he was forced to resign after being caught in a controversy with the Indian Premier League. Various online campaigns supporting Shashi Tharoor came up and people expressed their views in the entire process. â€Å"We are here to say, we support you Shashi Tharoor. Don’t let them pull you down for you will take our hopes and dreams for a better and brighter India with you. You bring to India everything we had ever hoped would change, and we stand by you,† said a viewer on the Support Shashi Tharoor website. In the past decade the internet usage among people has gone up. More and more people use the Internet,, and it is being regarded as one of the most powerful mediums giving direct access to a citizen in the political process. Muir believes that the Internet participation of people is the cause of powerful influence. People comment on national or international news, spread their views and comments in the form of blogs and to some extent are instrumental in deciding the course of political development of a news. Social networking sites like twitter helps people to be directly in touch with their favorite political leaders and give them their views and opinions. This proposal not only increased the participation of citizens but also improved the quality of the projects. Exploring the past and present trends in the use of internet, Coglianese concludes that the Internet will remain a powerful source of information and participation in the future. In conclusion it could be said that in spite of many view points against the use of the internet, the positive influence of Internet on the participation of citizens cannot be denied. The internet provides a common man a platform and gives them a chance to express their opinion and viewpoints, create their profiles, have a group of online supporters and influence changes in the political scenario. The amount of opportunities that the internet provides and individual to make friends and increase their social networks is massive. No doubt, there are a number of impediments to the efficient application of an Internet based government; nevertheless, these obstructions can be dealt with in the years to come.. By Uma Subramanian

Personal development Plan

Target dates for review and completion. How have I chosen these dates? Efficient team 22ND June 2012 -will be management with a target date to review on improved communication my communication skills skills. As I would have ended The aptitude to feel self- my two terms by then assured on message sent and will be confident in out and also, receiving a communicating in form page | 3 (Refer appendix 1 and Ask for feedback from 3) tutors and peers to attain level of proficiency on the assignments for written kills and on presentations for oral skills. Refer learning journal IX) Ones, Marcella) will help me to update my knowledge. So, as to be a part of discussions in group activities and presentations Other than from the books and links informed by tutor I believe I should widen my knowledge by reading reference books like Reduce Stress with Increased Assertiveness's By Elizabeth Scott, M. S. Message without any barriers. Of assignments and presentations. It will be the time close to my internship which will necessitate me to highly have this skill. Personal management skills Planning andOrganizing the activities and most crucial managing time along with it. Solidification at all times is vital to achieve end goals (Refer appendix ) The constant feedback from peers and tutors will help in excelling on outcomes which will reflect upon my planning and organizing skills. (refer learning journal Ill) Keeping the time frame as crucial aspect a constant awareness in managing time will be important to accomplish assignments in Completing a task in time and without rushing them for last minute of submission deadlines.This can be motivating to attain the personal managing skills and their implication in further goal at study and at work in future. 2ND Appraisal-Which is end on first term. By then could reflect back on to the shortcomings in first term which may include delay in submissions or working till last minute. I would than use these as motivational circumstances for terms ahead and prioritize my time more efficiently. In one of the knowledge cast We Were taught on important/urgent grid, than applied this model in relevance of the tasks had to do with their priorities.This grid can be implemented in studies and at work as it helps to accomplish the goals set in time (Refer Page | 4 appendix 5) a comfortable time span. Presentations are time sensitive as well which needs peers to time us during the rehearsals can help managing. Reading books like â€Å"Getting Things Done by David Allen† on personal management other than allocated text books can be initiative on enhancing these skills.Cognitive Skills The articles and case Studying in depth the Critical Thinking and studies provided during theories and models, then Analyzing of all the the course of seminars writing an assignment on readings that are and group activity will same will make us think done. Analyzing and elf to portray on critically when presenting making subject matter in de pth. Our ideas. Recommendations as a The specific time bound Also, studying case studies part of critical reading case studies will help us like one done in module , writing (Refer critically taking notes International Business appendix 1) on thinking of it.Strategy based on During the final answer Licensing of Subway will on case study, it will be make us think critically on important to think the business strategies critically in order to incorporated in an The clear idea while presenting and the accuracy of case study answers shows critical thinking. The discussions in seminars on various theories can be criticized with consistency in them. 1 5th Jejunely-Near to finish line of second semester will mark the decision on depth of my critical thinking with the final task at hand to submit.Over this period at seminars we will come through to various case studies and theories to analyze which will further enrich the critical in depth thinking to be part of all my readings in Page | 5 Team Working Skills: motivation and management all the colleagues of the group and keep them motivated to attain the final goals. Refer learning journal IV) come to final decision and make suggestions to company. (Refer learning journal VI) organization. Even read articles from recommended readings by tutors and critically analyze them like What Great managers Do? L Concentrate on each group members performance and as a group leader helping them with adequate feedback to attain the high assessment outcomes. Attend the various workshops on management at CUL. Participating in various group tasks at university like â€Å"Synergy Business Challenge† where working as team to make profits as business was To comprise appropriate knowledge of ways to attain self motivation I will read books like â€Å"You Can Win† by Ship Cheer and also, book my place for seminars on motivation and management at CUL by tutors and external Professionals who share their experience to make it mor e relevant in understanding. Personal Development Plan Personal Development Plan: Guidance notes â€Å"Personal development planning enables individuals to take charge of their own learning. Learning becomes a proactive as well as reactive process, designed and prioritised to support immediate development needs as well as longer term ambitions†[1] A Personal Development Plan (PDP) enables learners to identify key areas of learning and development activity that will enable them to either acquire new or develop existing skills and behavioural attributes for the following purposes: enhance performance in their current role †¢ address anticipated changes in their current role †¢ address career aspirations towards a future role Prior to completing the Personal Development Plan (scroll down to next page(s) for a template to complete), the learner should undertake a skills analysis activity to determine their learning and development needs and identify development objectives to meet those needs. View the following links for too ls to help you do this: http://www. admin. cam. ac. uk/offices/hr/cppd/career/planning/#now We recommend that the personal development planning process should be undertaken initially by the learner followed by discussion and agreement with their manager. It is recommended that this process should take place annually and ideally should form part of the Staff Development and Review (Appraisal) process. However, it can be equally valuable when undertaken as a stand-alone activity. The personal development planning process should ideally begin at the point at which the learner is new to their role and undertaking their induction. The process can then continue throughout their employment at the University. Personal Development Plan: Key to terminology used in template Development Objectives are objectives that you have identified to enable you to meet the learning and development needs identified at the skills analysis stage Priority identifies whether your development objective is: †¢ critical to your current role †¢ beneficial but non-critical to your current role †¢ critical to your progressing in to future role †¢ beneficial but non-critical to progressing in to future role Activities can constitute any learning or development activity that will enable you to achieve your development ojectives e. . formal training, on-the-job training, work-shadowing another colleague etc. Support/Resources describe what you need to help you achieve your development objectives. Typically this would involve support from your manager, department or colleague to enable you to undertake a learning or development activity such as allowing you time away from your role or funding from your department. Target and Actual dates state when you intend to achieve your development objectives followed by the date you actually achieve them. Data in these columns is particularly useful when you review your PDP as it will enable you to identify any factors that may have prevented you from achieving your development objectives on the target date and build in contingencies to prevent this from occurring in the future. Review date states when you will review progress on your Personal Development Plan. Assuming that you undergo the personal development process annually, we recommend that you review your PDP every six months therefore enabling you to: †¢ Assess your progress †¢ Reflect on your learning Identify whether your development objectives need to be amended †¢ Identify factors that may have prevented you from achieving your development objectives †¢ Build in contingencies to enable you (where possible) to meet your agreed target date in the future Personal Development Plan: Template |What are my development |Priority |What activities do I need to undertake to |What support/resources do I need to ach ieve my |Target date for achieving my |Actual date of achieving my | |objectives? | |achieve my objectives? objectives |objectives |objectives | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Review Date: | | ———————– [1] AUA Postgraduate Certificate in Professional Practice (Higher Education Administration and Management (OUVA) Personal development Plan Target dates for review and completion. How have I chosen these dates? Efficient team 22ND June 2012 -will be management with a target date to review on improved communication my communication skills skills. As I would have ended The aptitude to feel self- my two terms by then assured on message sent and will be confident in out and also, receiving a communicating in form page | 3 (Refer appendix 1 and Ask for feedback from 3) tutors and peers to attain level of proficiency on the assignments for written kills and on presentations for oral skills. Refer learning journal IX) Ones, Marcella) will help me to update my knowledge. So, as to be a part of discussions in group activities and presentations Other than from the books and links informed by tutor I believe I should widen my knowledge by reading reference books like Reduce Stress with Increased Assertiveness's By Elizabeth Scott, M. S. Message without any barriers. Of assignments and presentations. It will be the time close to my internship which will necessitate me to highly have this skill. Personal management skills Planning andOrganizing the activities and most crucial managing time along with it. Solidification at all times is vital to achieve end goals (Refer appendix ) The constant feedback from peers and tutors will help in excelling on outcomes which will reflect upon my planning and organizing skills. (refer learning journal Ill) Keeping the time frame as crucial aspect a constant awareness in managing time will be important to accomplish assignments in Completing a task in time and without rushing them for last minute of submission deadlines.This can be motivating to attain the personal managing skills and their implication in further goal at study and at work in future. 2ND Appraisal-Which is end on first term. By then could reflect back on to the shortcomings in first term which may include delay in submissions or working till last minute. I would than use these as motivational circumstances for terms ahead and prioritize my time more efficiently. In one of the knowledge cast We Were taught on important/urgent grid, than applied this model in relevance of the tasks had to do with their priorities.This grid can be implemented in studies and at work as it helps to accomplish the goals set in time (Refer Page | 4 appendix 5) a comfortable time span. Presentations are time sensitive as well which needs peers to time us during the rehearsals can help managing. Reading books like â€Å"Getting Things Done by David Allen† on personal management other than allocated text books can be initiative on enhancing these skills.Cognitive Skills The articles and case Studying in depth the Critical Thinking and studies provided during theories and models, then Analyzing of all the the course of seminars writing an assignment on readings that are and group activity will same will make us think done. Analyzing and elf to portray on critically when presenting making subject matter in de pth. Our ideas. Recommendations as a The specific time bound Also, studying case studies part of critical reading case studies will help us like one done in module , writing (Refer critically taking notes International Business appendix 1) on thinking of it.Strategy based on During the final answer Licensing of Subway will on case study, it will be make us think critically on important to think the business strategies critically in order to incorporated in an The clear idea while presenting and the accuracy of case study answers shows critical thinking. The discussions in seminars on various theories can be criticized with consistency in them. 1 5th Jejunely-Near to finish line of second semester will mark the decision on depth of my critical thinking with the final task at hand to submit.Over this period at seminars we will come through to various case studies and theories to analyze which will further enrich the critical in depth thinking to be part of all my readings in Page | 5 Team Working Skills: motivation and management all the colleagues of the group and keep them motivated to attain the final goals. Refer learning journal IV) come to final decision and make suggestions to company. (Refer learning journal VI) organization. Even read articles from recommended readings by tutors and critically analyze them like What Great managers Do? L Concentrate on each group members performance and as a group leader helping them with adequate feedback to attain the high assessment outcomes. Attend the various workshops on management at CUL. Participating in various group tasks at university like â€Å"Synergy Business Challenge† where working as team to make profits as business was To comprise appropriate knowledge of ways to attain self motivation I will read books like â€Å"You Can Win† by Ship Cheer and also, book my place for seminars on motivation and management at CUL by tutors and external Professionals who share their experience to make it mor e relevant in understanding.

Profiles in Courage essays

Profiles in Courage essays John F. Kennedy, the author of Profiles in Courage, felt there were many politically courageous people. Kennedy seemed to define courageous as someone willing to risk one's personal assets to stand up for he believes is right and good. Eight different people, including John Quincy Adams, Thomas Benton, and Sam Houston, are illustrated in this book. Each of these people made outstanding political moves just defend one's beliefs. While some were scrutinized, others amazed the population and history was made. John Quincy Adams was the Senator of Massachesetts. He resided with the Federalist party. John showed courage when the Louisianna Purchase was an issue. Adams supported the purchase. Support of the Louisianna Purchase didn't coincide with the beliefs of the Federalist party. That didn't stop Adams from pushing to pass the purchase. The Embargo Bill was created to stop the British from taking Americans sailor without proof of citizenship (and even some with proof). Adams constituents thought the Embargo Bill would instigate another war. Support of such subject caused his party-mates and constituents to re-think their view of the Massachusetts Senator. Daniel Webster, House of Representatives member, was a Federalist and was most famous for is "Seventh of March" speech. While slavery seemed to be the main issue of the time, the speech spoke mainly of preserving the Union. Although he was opposed to slavery, he seldom brought it up in his political activities. These pressures haunted him around the time he was fighting to be re-elected. Thomas Benton was a Senator of Missouri who had negative relations with President Jackson. Benton supported the Missouri Compromise, but opposed the National Bank and slavery. Seeing how Missouri was a slave state, Thomas recieved much ridicule. This caused Benton to lose office during the next election. Sam Houston was the first Senator of Texas and a part of the Democrat p...

Three Most Popular Classic German Lullabies

Three Most Popular Classic German Lullabies These are three of the most popular classic German lullabies. (See more songs.)Guten Abend und gute Nacht!(Music by Johannes Brahms. Text from Des Knaben Wunderhorn)1. Guten Abend, gut NachtMit Rosen bedachtMit Nglein bestecktSchlà ¼pf unter die DeckMorgen frà ¼h, wenn Gott willWirst du wieder gewecktMorgen frà ¼h, wenn Gott willWirst du wieder gewecktGood evening, goodnight,Covered with rosesAdorned with thornsSlip under the coversTomorrow, if it is God’s will,Will you wake againTomorrow, if it is God’s will,Will you wake again2. Guten Abend, gut NachtVon Englein bewachtDie zeigen im TraumDir Christkindleins BaumSchlaf nun selig und sà ¼ÃƒÅ¸Schau im Traum s ParadiesSchlaf nun selig und sà ¼ÃƒÅ¸Schau im Traum s ParadiesGood evening, goodnight,Watched over by angelsIn a dream they show youThe Christ-childs treeSleep blessed and sweetlyLook for paradise in your dreamSleep blessed and sweetlyLook for paradise in your dreamGuten Abend - You TubeWeißt du, wieviel Ste rnlein stehen(Music and Text by Wilhelm Hey. 19th century)1. Weißt du, wieviel Sternlein stehenan dem blauen Himmelszelt?Weißt du, wieviel Wolken ziehenweithin à ¼ber alle Welt?Gott der Herr hat sie gezhlet,daß ihm auch nicht eines fehletan der ganzen großen Zahl,an der ganzen großen Zahl. Do you know how many little stars are in blue heaven’s tent?Do you know how many clouds trailAll over the world?The Lord God has counted them,So that none of them are missingAmong this great vast amountAmong this great vast amount2. Weißt du, wieviel Mà ¼cklein spielenin der heißen Sonnenglut,wieviel Fischlein auch sich kà ¼hlenin der hellen Wasserflut?Gott der Herr rief sie mit Namen,daß sie all ins Leben kamen,daß sie nun so frà ¶hlich sind,daß sie nun so frà ¶hlich sind. Do you know how many little fliesPlay in the sun’s intense heat,How many little fish like to coolIn the clear high tide?The Lord God called them by name,So that they all came to life,And now they are all so happy, And now t hey are all so happy.3. Weißt du, wieviel Kinder frà ¼hestehn aus ihrem Bettlein auf,daß sie ohne Sorg und Mà ¼hefrà ¶hlich sind im Tageslauf?Gott im Himmel hat an allenseine Lust, sein Wohlgefallen;kennt auch dich und hat dich lieb,kennt auch dich und hat dich lieb. Do you know how many childrenWake up early from their little beds,Who are without worry and sorrowAnd happy during the day?God in Heaven has everybody’sPleasure and welfare in mind;He knows you and loves you too,He knows you and loves you too.Weißt du, wieviel Sternlein stehen - You Tube Der Mond ist aufgegangenGerman Folksong 18th century(Music: various, first rendition by Johann Schulz. Text by Matthias Claudius)1. Der Mond ist aufgegangen,Die goldnen Sternlein prangenAm Himmel hell und klar;Der Wald steht schwarz und schweiget,Und aus den Wiesen steigetDer weiße Nebel wunderbar. The moon has risen,The little golden stars shineIn the heavens so clear and brightThe woods stand dark and stillAnd out of the meadows riseA wonderful fog.2. Wie ist die Welt so stille,Und in der Dmmrung Hà ¼lleSo traulich und so hold!Als eine stille Kammer,Wo ihr des Tages JammerVerschlafen und vergessen sollt.How the world stands stillIn twighlight’s veilSo sweet and snugAs a still r oomWhere the day’s miseryYou will sleep off and forget. 3. Seht ihr den Mond dort stehen?Er ist nur halb zu sehen,Und ist doch rund und schà ¶n!So sind wohl manche Sachen,Die wir getrost belachen,Weil unsere Augen sie nicht sehn.Do you see the moon standing there?You can only see half of it,And it is so round and beautiful!Such are several thingsThat we laugh at mockingly,Because our eyes do not see.4. Wir stolze MenschenkinderSind eitel arme Sà ¼nderUnd wissen gar nicht viel;Wir spinnen LuftgespinsteUnd suchen viele Kà ¼nsteUnd kommen weiter von dem Ziel. brUs proud children’s menAre poor and vain;And do not know much,We spin spirit’s of the airAnd look for many artsAnd come further from the goal.Der Mond ist aufgegangen - You Tube

How to Address Someone in German Properly

How to Address Someone in German Properly You is not always you, especially when youre speaking a foreign language.   One thing you need to learn quickly is how to correctly use you in German. Modern English is the only Indo-European language that has just one form of you. In German there are three: Du,  the Informal Address This form is only for those with whom youre on familiar or intimate terms, such as family, close friends, children, pets, and in prayer. In Germany, the word friend isnt used as liberally as in America, or at least it doesnt carry quite the same meaning. Ein  Freund/eine Freundin is used more to denote what we call here a close friend, whereas the word ein Bekannter/eine Bekannte is the preferred term used for casual friends and acquaintances. Ihr, Informal Plural Ihr is the plural form of du. Its the equivalent of yall in the Southern United States. For example: Wo seid ihr? (Where are you guys?)   Sie, the Formal Address This polite form implies a certain formality between people and takes into account social considerations. Sie is used for those people we address as Herr, Frau and with other formal titles. Usually, its used for older people, professionals and shop clerks. It might also be a good strategy to address co-workers as  Sie at first  until they offer you the du. Its better to call someone  Sie  and have them correct you with  du than to assume you can use the formal address and offend someone.  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹ Duzen and Siezen The verb that describes using Sie to address someone is siezen. To utilize du with someone is duzen.  Its best to use the Sie if  you are not sure which to use.   More About You in German Other important points about  Sie,  du and  ihr  are: The formal Sie  is always capitalized. There are no exceptions to this rule. The du  and ihr  are usually written in lower case, but some older Germans capitalize them. That was the rule about 20 years ago, before they had the Rechtschreibreform.  Sie remains written as Sie whether you are using it in the plural or singular sense. For example, if you are formally addressing one or two Germans, you wont see a difference in writing:Woher kommen Sie? (Where are you from, sir/madam?)Woher kommen Sie?(Where are you from, sirs/madams?)Sie (you, formal)  takes the same verb form as sie (they),  which is why in conjugation tables, you will find both words at the bottom together. Chart of You in German In a nutshell: Singular Plural English meaning du trinkst ihr trinkt you or yall are drinking Sie trinken Sie trinken you (formal) or you (plural) are drinking Common Problem: There Are Four Sies  and Four Ihrs Many German-language students have trouble initially with ihr. This could be because there are two ihrs. There are also multiple versions of sie, which can be complicated.  Take a look at the following examples:   Hey, kommt ihr heute Abend? (Are you guys coming tonight?)Ist das nicht ihr neuer Freund? (Isnt that her new friend?)Entschuldigen Sie. Ist das Ihr Auto vor meiner Ausfahrt?  (Excuse me, sir/madam, is that your car in front of my driveway?) Note that the Ihr  is capitalized as it is formal.Entschuldigen Sie. Ist das  Ihr  Auto vor meiner Ausfahrt? (Excuse me, sirs/madams, is that your car in front of my driveway?) Here are three examples for sie/Sie: Woher kommen Sie? ( Where are you from, sir/madam?)Woher kommen Sie?  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹(Where are you from, sirs/madams?)Woher kommt sie?  (Where is she from?)Woher kommen sie?  (Where are they from?) Du, Ihr, and Sie Declensions Keep in mind that like with all other pronouns, du, ihr and Sie will also have genitive, dative and accusative forms that you must memorize.

How do you grade creativity in the classroom Essay

How do you grade creativity in the classroom - Essay Example In a classroom it is possible that creativity level in the student, who is achieving high grades, is at low level and creativity level in a student who is performing not well and achieving low grades, is at high level. In this kind situation, it is now own teacher that how he will assess the creativity level of any student. Short Introduction of Toolmin model: Stephen Edelston Toulmin who was a British philosopher presented a model for presenting the arguments in well prepared form. He stated that for the success of any good argument it is necessary to provide good presentation and justifications about argument. He expressed his philosophy in six different ways those are correlated to each other. According to Toulmin there are three necessary parts of any argument and other three are can be treated as optional or additional parts. Those six parts include claim, support, warrant, backing, rebuttal and qualifier. How do you grade creativity in the classroom? How to you grade creativity in the class room? That is the main question that is rising in these days. Creativity grading of a student is necessary for any student to judge the level of creativity in classroom. As the creativity is not the separate faculty that some people have and others do not. (Ken Robinson). Everyone is creative but the variance in the ways of work might be possible. For example a student writes 10 pages in with the help of pencil in given time period but on the other side other second student cannot write 10 pages in given time period. Simply any one can state the first student worked better than the second student. From above mentioned results can we assume that that fist student is more creative than second student? Most of the teachers those are not able to grade the creativity level of any student will answer that Yes, First student is more creative than Second student because he can write 10 pages in the given time period. But this statement is not true practically. WHY? The reason can be found as seeing on the other side of coin, second student can draw 10 drawings with help of the pencil in given time period. On the other hand same first student is unable to draw same work in given time period. In above scenarios all the things are same excluding the nature of the work. E.g. students are same, pencils are same even pages are same but the difference is that both of student can only work better in which they are creative. Generally, as described in above example creativity is not exclusive to particular activities. And the level of grading the creativity level in class room is also not exclusive to particular judgments. Students can come up with more creative ideas; this can only be possible if the student will give proper attention in the field that he thinks he can work better than others. Creativity is a key for success in entire life. The example of this can be described as people can do their best in their own work. E.g. Scientists, Technologists, busines s man, educators can only be creative in the work they do. As in current modern environment it is noted that the generation becoming ever more difficult to engage in a traditional classroom environment. These students are also referred as â€Å"digital kids†. It is the generation that needs some creative inspiration. Now the next thing depend on teachers that how they inspire creativity. How they train the students to the best things. Creative Processing for the students are rooted in imaginative

Humanistic Era Reflection Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Humanistic Era Reflection Paper - Assignment Example With the rise of workers unrest several acts were legislated to cater for the needs of the workers. Some of the acts enacted include the Labor-Management Relations Act and National Labor Relations Act. The period was also characterized with the rise of some management theories. Although these theories were formulated to ease the working environment, majority continued to work in deplorable conditions making it difficult to apply participatory approach towards management (Huston and Marquis, 2008). The act is also known as the Taft-Hartley Act. The act was legislated in the 1930s and it was meant to discourage unfair practices by employers. As union membership and power increased, the US federal government began to look into some of the labor practices. This was prompted by long and bitter strikes by workers especially coal mining and truck industry workers. Workers unrest in the 1940s led to a demand for legislation to restrict some of the activities of the labor unions. The aim of the Taft-Hartley Act is to bring cohesion between the union power and the management authority. Some of the unfair labor practices listed in the act includes; harassment of non-union members, charging excessive membership fees, refusal to bargain with management in good faith and employing various means of oppression against employers. The Taft-Hartley Act gives management the right in organizing union campaigns. The management is allowed to highlight for the employee the advantages and disadvantages of certain union memberships as long as the information given is correct. The act gives the President of the United States of America the power to prevent or call off a strike through a temporary court injunction, if the strike endangers the national health and safety. The act also allows the states to enact laws that ensure employees work in unionized firms without the need to join the unions (Hughes, Kapoor and Pride, 2009). It

Mild Therapeutic Hypothermia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Mild Therapeutic Hypothermia - Essay Example failure of the heart to effectively contract during systole. Out-of -hospital cardiac arrest is a leading cause of unexpected death in the developed world, occurring in about 1 in 1,500 adult each year (Bernard, 2004). Prognosis after cardiac arrest with an overall survival rate of less than 6%, is unfavorable. Cardiac arrest outcomes depend on the rhythym: 33% of patients with ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia survive, comparing with less than 2% of patients with asystolic or pulseless electrical activity. Other rhythyms and cardiac arrest complications/conditions which comprise less than 2% include subarachnoid hemorrhage or trauma, pregnant women, pediatrics, coma after near-drowning, hanging and other causes of asphyxia. About 60% of cardiac arrest survivors regain consciousness; of these, one-third experience irreversible cognitive disabilities. Emergency life support focus on early aggressive resuscitation; but unluckily, most patients who survive do sustain anoxic brain injury (Green, 2007). Anoxic brain injury is that condition wherein the brain is severely deprived of oxygen. The blood is unable to flow to the brain due to bleeding or injury. After cardiac arrest, chemical cascades resulting in brain injury are created by the free radicals and other mediators in the brain. Three phases of brain injury after hypoxic insult are identified: early, intermediate and late (Howes, 2005). The early stage is described as the utilization of glucose, oxygen and energy due to the directThe Use 4 cessation of blood flow in the brain. The intermediate...Emergency life support focus on early aggressive resuscitation; but unluckily, most patients who survive do sustain anoxic brain injury (Green, 2007). Anoxic brain injury is that condition wherein the brain is severely deprived of oxygen. The blood is unable to flow to the brain due to bleeding or injury. After cardiac arrest, chemical cascades resulting in brain injury are created by the free radicals and other mediators in the brain. Three phases of brain injury after hypoxic insult are identified: early, intermediate and late (Howes, 2005). The early stage is described as the utilization of glucose, oxygen and energy due to the direct cessation of blood flow in the brain. The intermediate phase is described as the release of neurotoxic mediators and excitatory amino acids in the brain, occurring hours post arrest. The late phase occurs when cerebral edema and blood-drain barrier are increased. Seizures and Sample.

What is Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

What is Justice - Essay Example Justice revolves around qualities that promote fair treatment in the society in accordance to the laws of the land and moral beliefs. Justice forms the moral principle that determines equitable conduct in the society where conformity to this aspect presents an opportunity to administer deserved punishment or reward. While this remains the ideal notion of what justice should be, its remains an elusive mirage as most people flout the code of conduct. This is especially so among individuals who are well off in the society and spills over to organizations and corporations. As mentioned before, justice takes two main forms that are distinct, but bear similarity in their purpose and goals. Substantive justice is justice that is bound by law and is based on a couple of principles that govern how the entire process of discerning and enacting justice is conducted. Substantive justice follows laws that define, regulate and create the obligations of certain parties, which should be carried or n o carried out towards others meaning that this form of justice falls under the cause of action, but not proactive. On the other hand, procedural justice is concerned with morality and legitimacy, where it separates the two to show how people respond to authority and how certain bodies found in society have authority over the people. In relation to this case of authority and enforcement of rules and regulations, procedural justice creates room for the creation of frameworks that see to it that justice is delivered through structures that are set apart (Murphy 161). As much as society seek its full implementation in all aspects of life, the efforts seem futile since most charged with the noble task of dispensing justice are involved in hindering the same. With this in mind, it is my view that justice is not possible for all under prevailing institutions of leadership and laws. This follows a trend that is traceable to ancient civilizations who established social classes based on their financial capacities, which was discriminatory to those considered in the lower classes. The trend has been passed on to generations leading to historical trauma in the society, which serves to create a sense of hopelessness. Another factor that plays in a critical role in hindering justice for all lied with the perception in the society, which dictates that inequalities present in the world are a normal way of doing things. For this reasons, those seeking to enact change as faced with great opposition and result in conforming to the norms of inequality. For justice to prevail for all, it is prudent that society devises mechanisms to overcome challenges that impede the implantation of justice. Among the challenges is racism, which remains a sore subject in modern society even as elements of this form of discrimination are evident. Discrimination based on the color of the skin dates back to the 18th Century where Africans were regarded as lesser beings and subjected to slavery (Ulen ). In essence, the black community has grown under dilapidated conditions and taught successive generation about historical atrocities and injustices. Global warming is connected with many factors in life that revolve around nature and the activities of man around his environment. Of great concern, however, is how all the factors in global warming are related since carbon dioxide, air pollution and cutting trees influence mountains and forests in a manner that influences quality of life based on the emotional appeal caused by life’s aesthetics (Richardson). A wide majority of corporations especially manufacturing companies are largely involved in the destruction of the environment where

Mind-Body Problem Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mind-Body Problem Summary - Essay Example Descartes discussed mind-body issue in the different dimension that came to be known as dualism in the philosophical arena. The approach of ‘mechanical philosophy’ began emerging during the 17th century that was based on the premise that objects interact through direct contact; however, Descartes tended to emphasize that language did not lie within the realms of mechanism. For him, thought process was a separate entity distinct from the physical body. Newton argued that planetary and terrestrial motion in the universe did not follow the mechanical philosophy. He essentially wanted to convey that anti-materialist things did exist in this universe. Newtons assertion of mysterious force, curved space, electrical force goes beyond the concept of body or matter entirely. While quantum theory in physics and chemical bonding in chemistry helps explaining a unified universe, does this mean that mind/brain as a unified object can best explain the language and mind phenomena in humans? Many attempts to reduce mental properties to neural network phenomena; however, that lead to several serious questions. Considerable efforts have been made to show that mind is nothing but matter, and language thought processes are properties of brain. It is the neurophysiological activities of brain that causes mental phenomena. Naturalism or materialism, as a theory, got resurgence in the 1960s attempting to establish the belief that mental state was, in no way, different than physical entities. That is to say matter is as compatible with thought and sensation as with attraction and repulsion. Organized system of matter known as brain eventually lead to perception and thought process. In a way, emergence of thoughts in humans is all through nervous system of brain. Brain acts as a mechanism to create thoughts in humans. While Newton did expose the imperfectness of the mechanical philosophy, his

Euro meditarranean partnership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Euro meditarranean partnership - Essay Example Most of the finance and economy of this area is being used on the defense and war with next-door countries and cultures. It had been a sad state of affair for a long time, dominating the world affairs, and still with no proper solution on hand. This does not mean that West did not spoil the situation. It did, and did so, many times, for its own benefit at times, and because of faulty judgments at other times. The Partnership began with the Barcelona declaration in 1995, and the financial commitment backing it was unprecedented. It began with the best of intentions though the new countries suspected all the intentions throughout. Its impact on economic, cultural, social and political scene that was prevalent during its initiation was apparent immediately and the interdependence of the countries involved has grown over the years immensely. It has its own long term and short-term goals. Short-term goals are: Th 1. Documenting the process of social engineering of the Mediterranean region. 2. Interpreting the interactions launched by Barcelona Declaration and assessing both the opportunities and constraints facing the regional community-building process. 3. Offering policy prescriptions for regional stability. Long-term goal is the 'institutionalization of a long-standing seminar. (Based on http://ies.berkeley.edu/research/projects/stability.html The Northern member-States of the European Union today are effective partners of the partnership though they had numerous reservations in the beginning, including the declaration of the EU that it would remain 'essentially a northern-central European entity' and here the Mediterranean states are definitely a minority, making the North, till now the major player, though the whole North cannot be regarded as one entity. France, for some time, thought that EU was shifting eastwards!!+ "It is important at the outset to acknowledge that it is not easy to discuss the northern European states en bloc. They have differing levels of interest, and different interests, in the Mediterranean and by no means always do they agree on what should be done there. France, which in the present context must be considered both northern and southern European, has had the most extensive involvement in the area in recent history, but British involvement has been substantial, too," http://www.cidob.org/castellano/publicaciones/Afers/37gillespie.cfm EMP has many lofty goals and intentions, some of which are already being processed. One of the main intentions to reduce tensions between Islam and West, in a meaningful way, erasing all the misunderstandings, and there are many of them, and trying to structure a regional identity and culture 'transcending national identities and cultures'. This is a difficult, far reaching task that has to be consciously constructed. EMP feels that regional integration is absolutely necessary keeping in mind the explosive political, cultural and

Mind-Body Problem Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mind-Body Problem Summary - Essay Example Descartes discussed mind-body issue in the different dimension that came to be known as dualism in the philosophical arena. The approach of ‘mechanical philosophy’ began emerging during the 17th century that was based on the premise that objects interact through direct contact; however, Descartes tended to emphasize that language did not lie within the realms of mechanism. For him, thought process was a separate entity distinct from the physical body. Newton argued that planetary and terrestrial motion in the universe did not follow the mechanical philosophy. He essentially wanted to convey that anti-materialist things did exist in this universe. Newtons assertion of mysterious force, curved space, electrical force goes beyond the concept of body or matter entirely. While quantum theory in physics and chemical bonding in chemistry helps explaining a unified universe, does this mean that mind/brain as a unified object can best explain the language and mind phenomena in humans? Many attempts to reduce mental properties to neural network phenomena; however, that lead to several serious questions. Considerable efforts have been made to show that mind is nothing but matter, and language thought processes are properties of brain. It is the neurophysiological activities of brain that causes mental phenomena. Naturalism or materialism, as a theory, got resurgence in the 1960s attempting to establish the belief that mental state was, in no way, different than physical entities. That is to say matter is as compatible with thought and sensation as with attraction and repulsion. Organized system of matter known as brain eventually lead to perception and thought process. In a way, emergence of thoughts in humans is all through nervous system of brain. Brain acts as a mechanism to create thoughts in humans. While Newton did expose the imperfectness of the mechanical philosophy, his

Wall Street the movie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Wall Street the movie - Essay Example This is the case with the main character Gordon Gekko and as the film progresses, also that of his protà ©gà © named Bud Fox who started out as a bit player in the stock brokerage industry but in due time became a significant stockbroker due to the profitable trades he made as he engaged in extremely complicated and often illegal schemes to minimize his trading risks. One of his favorite tools is insider trading, which is using information on a firm that is not available to the general buying public which gives him an undue and illegal advantage (McGee 36). Insider trading is a capital crime because it erodes confidence in the stock market as it is one of the leading sources for capital formation; the stock market is just like any market where buyers and sellers met and agree on a deal, except that what they deal and agree upon are monies and in effect, financing for starting a business and expanding an existing business by providing much-needed capital for entrepreneurs and businessmen. The entrepreneurs are the ones who need money while the investors provide that money buying their stocks offered on Wall Street by these stockbrokerage and investment houses who earn a commission. Gekko and Fox teamed up and plotted to engage in a hostile takeover of an airline where Fox’s father works by using a leveraged buyout (LBO), and then turn around by using excess pension funds to pay off the debt incurred in this hostile takeover and earn profits from breaking up the airline and selling its assets individually. However, the law and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) arrested both Fox and Gekko for insider trading. Economic aspects – the film showed how a stock market is essential to the economy of a nation as it serves as the marketplace where lenders and borrowers can meet and in turn help the economy achieve growth by providing the essential capital to finance new business ventures and expand existing ones such as introducing a new product line that requires money or enter new foreign markets to expand the sales by generating new revenue streams. The film also touches on the sensitive topic of greed which is why securities laws and regulatio ns are put in place to protect the investing public from unscrupulous individuals and trading firms. A good example is the case of Martha Stewart who was convicted of insider trading regarding the sale of stocks she owned by using insider information before the stock price collapsed. In her case, she used an illegal method which is also unethical as it constitutes fraud. Capital – the word as used in economics means the man-made goods which are then used to produce a future continuous supply of goods and services. Capital is essentially of two kinds in terms of their ultimate end user: the first is capital goods used for further producing new capital goods for perpetuity (a continuous supply) and the second is for consumption in which there is eventual depletion. Capital gets worn out from use over a period of time, gets destroyed in natural or man-made calamities, and also become obsolete due to technological advances (like the telegraph equipment replaced by newer telephone s and the old typewriters being replaced by personal computers). Obsolescence happens when a thing or service is still in good working condition and usable but no longer wanted (same case with the telephone landline which has been replaced by the cellular phone and other mobile electronics gadgets). Economics deals primarily with the concept of how to deal with scarcity and making trade-off decisions regarding where capital should be invested in the most efficient way. In the film, the monies of Gekko could have been used to fund

Advertising Statement Essay Example for Free

Advertising Statement Essay Rosser Reeves was the one who invented the term â€Å"USP†. The Unique selling proposition is sometimes referred to as â€Å"product difference.† In rare cases, some products or services have a unique and impressive proposition/benefit. A unique selling proposition is the ultimate proposition because its one that no other competitor can claim. It has to be something that you could also sell from. The concept of a unique selling proposition, or USP, is based on a benefit statement that is both unique to the product and important to the user. The heart of a USP is a proposition, which is a promise that states a specific and unique benefit you will get from using the product. If the product has a special formula, design, or feature, particularly if protected by a patent or copyright, then you are assured that it is truly unique. This is why a USP is frequently marked by the use of an â€Å"only† statement, either outright or implied. There are various methods that can be used to find a USP as it is demonstrated in advertising strategies and ideas. Strategy in Advertising In advertising, â€Å"strategy† refers to the overall marketing or selling approach. It is the thinking behind the concept/idea. (The thinking behind the thinking, if you like.) Decisions about selling premises are central to the overall advertising strategy. The strategy (or strategic thought) can come from a proposition/benefit of the product, how it used, the market background, the choice of target audience, or any combination thereof. Every strategy should have an element of distinction ( small or large ) from the competition’s strategies, as should the proceeding concept and campaign. All strategies should be written in the form of a strategy statement, also known as â€Å"creative brief†. However, there are several questions we should seek to answer to cover the area of strategic analysis. Competitor, best prospects, and what buying appeals have the greatest leverage. At the corporate level what takes place in the advertising department would be seen as tac tical whilst in the advertising department this would be seen as strategic. * Corporate strategies are concerned with the major functions of the company, and cover finance, human resource management, production, administration, and marketing. * Marketing strategies are concerned with ANSOFF’s matrix and the marketing mix. * Promotional strategies are concerned with the promotional mix options (advertising, sales promotions, PR, publicity, selling, sponsorship, exhibitions). Effective Advertising Advertising that is effective creates the message that best expresses the product-prospect relationship. In addition, the message has to be intrusive enough to battle through the clutter in the contemporary media marketplace. To reach the effectiveness in advertising, a creative strategy should be involved in the process. It has to sell the product effectively by promoting them through smart and well designed advertisement. Creative Brief When forming a strategy from which to create ideas, it needs to be written down in a black and white. This helps to focus and steer the formation of ideas from the onset. When people suggest that an idea is â€Å"off strategy,† they mean that it doesn’t relate back to the defined strategy, and will therefore be much harder to sell the idea to the client. By having a strategy statement at hand, you can keep referring back to it whilst generating ideas from that strategy. It is very hard, even if you are an experienced creative, to produce a great campaign idea (or even a single one shot) without a solid, tight strategy. In short, the better you are briefed, the easier your job will be. A poorly defined, vogue, â€Å"wooly† brief is no use to a creative person, nor is highly specific one that restricts the number of ideas. Below are the basic examples of the headings in a creative brief, * Client * Product/service * Product and market background (supposition) * Competition * Business/Advertising Objective (problem to solve) * Media * Target market/Group/Audience * Proposition/Promise/Benefit * Proposition Support Points * Tone of Voice * â€Å"Mandatories† (Inclusions/Exclusions) Media in Advertising The choice of media depends upon the type of product or service being advertised, the target market, and the client’s budget. Each campaign can be in one form of media, or multiple forms. Traditional advertising media includes print, TV, and radio. Non-traditional includes ambient and guerrilla concepts. In addition, there is direct media, and interactive media. In the UK, each type of media is defined by its relation to a hypothetical â€Å"line† that divides the two. Traditional media is â€Å"above the line,† whereas direct marketing and interactive advertising is â€Å"below the line.† Companies that produce work in all the forms are referred to as â€Å"through the line† agencies, or â€Å"full service.† Other divisions within advertising include sales promotion, and business-to-business. Whereas business-to-consumer advertising, once the skill is developed, the same creative process can easily be applied to these other forms of media an d advertising. Positioning All products and companies, as seen by the customer, occupy some kind of ‘position’ in the market whether they intend it or not. This might be, for example, high price-high value, low price-low value, high price-low value, good company-not-so-good company and so on, when compared with comparable competing products and competing organizations. Most modern organizations now attempt to actively influence this position in the market by matching product and corporate benefits with the needs of clearly identified segments. The managers have performed professionally, be integrated to match the identified needs of the target market. Positioning is how the marketer wants the consumer to view its product relative to the competition. Although product differentiation plays a role in creating a product position, product differences account for only part of a product’s position. A positioning strategy also includes the manner in which a product’s factors are combined, ho w they communicated, and who communicates them. The size (and value) of the advertising corporate and brand positioning is crucial to the well-being of any company and so should be left to the agency professional. Copywriting Copywriting is an essential part of the design communication mix, and those of us who do it for a living will tell you that crafting massages and telling stories is a rewarding mental process, even in the business context. You’ll find that being able to generate a response from your audience is a valuable and highly sought-after skill. Copy (or text, or words) used in design is a very particular type of creative writing that requires the inspiration of an artist and the control of a craftsman or craftswoman. In comparison to the rails on which the copywriter runs, the novelist or poet has no limitations. Poetry and storytelling are flights of the imagination, with no client or news editor to bear in mind. Whether the personality of the writer shines through directly or indirectly, this is the purest creative writing – it can take off in any direction, be as fictional as it wants to be, and go wherever it pleases. Writing copy, however, is all about sticking to brief, while paying homage to the creativity and style of the poet and storyteller. Journalists and copywriters are commercial writers, but the essence of the role is completely different. In most cases journalist have to create the story from the scratch, usually by following leads. They will have to research the facts to get to the heart of the matter, discover the different viewpoints and opinions, and bring this material together accurately and coherently. Articles are often written to a tightly defined structure, while features can allow more room for individual expression and the interweaving of the writer’s viewpoint. The message has to be factually correct, balanced, and fair, but the writer is allowed to take a stance, which could reflect that of the newspaper or, in the case of regular column, the writer’s opinion. Copywriting borrows from all other fields of writing in its quest for creative expression, but ther e is no room for your personality in the copy that you write; you are simply a scribe, a hired mouthpiece for your client, and it is the brand’s voice that must come through, loudly and clearly.

Why Great Men Do Not Become President Essay examples -- Elections Poli

Why Great Men Do Not Become President Over the course of history America has been electing the most popular not necessarily the best-qualified men as president. The office has become a strategic component vital to each political party. Parties sacrifice a great leader for the man that will win the most votes. History is a record of how we have always had had this practice. The office is full of corruption because money and influence run the presidency. The political leaders lie to the people that he is intended to serve. There are many overwhelming reasons that the best man is not always chosen for the job. They all inevitably stem down to the simple fact that a political party in order for its survival must have their candidate elected. In this struggle for dominance, qualities crucial to making a â€Å"great† leader are sacrificed in order to get votes. Location, religion occupation, and track record are all taken into consideration when choosing a candidate. Although these factors have no effect on how a leader will perform in office they are crucial factors in determining a candidate. Presidential candidates can best be described to a form of selective breeding. Similar to how farmers choose the best seeds to plant their crops each season to grow the most food, political parties choose the best candidates in the same respect. In order to survive and have their philosophy be heard in the American system of government, political parties must win elections. To ensure the best chances of winning an election they select the best â€Å"seeds.† Ultimately though sacrifices need to made to ensure a successful election. This is due to the simple fact that a bad president is better then no president in the eyes of ea... ...ar as the last election to be disproved. George W. Bush was a poster child for Republican America. He is not a great man in any sense of the word. Bush is not a genius or scholar. He did work to build himself up but was simply born into the Bush royalty. Just like royalty fittingly enough he was appointed president by having the right connections, image and of course, money. America needs a change from the current standard. We have had men in office who have lied cheated and stole from the very people that they are there to serve. Respect for the office is lost because of their actions. It is clear that corruption runs deep and is not a new addition to the White House. The discerning fact is that this may never change as long it takes money and image to win an election. American elections will always be more an election of popularity then of principle.

Interweaving Characters and Surroundings in Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights :: Wuthering Heights Essays

Wuthering Heights:  Ã‚   Interweaving Characters and Surroundings  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Definitive criteria for judging the success or failure of a work of fiction are not easily agreed upon; individuals almost necessarily introduce bias into any such attempt.   Only those who affect an exorbitantly refined artistic taste, however, would deny the importance of poignancy in literary pieces.   To be sure, writings of dubious and fleeting merit frequently enchant the public, but there is too the occasional author who garners widespread acclaim and whose works remain deeply affecting despite the passage of time.   The continued eminence of the fiction of Emily Bronte attests to her placement into such a category of authors: it is a recognition of her propensity to create poignant and, indeed, successful literature.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights is a novel about lives that cross paths and are intertwined with one another. Healthcliff, an orphan, is taken in by Mr. Earnshaw, the owner of Wuthering Heights. Mr. Earnshaw has two children named Catherine and Hindley. Jealousy between Hindley and Healthcliff was always a problem. Catherine loves Healthcliff, but Hindley hates the stranger for stealing his fathers affection away. Catherine meets Edgar Linton, a young gentleman who lives at Thrushcross Grange. Despite being in love with Healthcliff she marries Edgar elevating her social standing. The characters in this novel are commingled in their relationships with Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange. The setting used throughout the novel Wuthering Heights, helps to set the mood to describe the characters. We find two households separated by the cold, muddy, and barren moors, one by the name of Wuthering Heights, and the other Thrushcross Grange. Each house stands alone, in the mist of the dreary land, and the atmosphere creates a mood of isolation. These two places, Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange differ greatly in appearance and mood. These differences reflect the universal conflict between storm and calm that Emily Bronte develops as the theme. Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange both represent several opposing properties which bring about all sorts of bad happenings when they clash. For example, the inhabitants of Wuthering Heights were that of the working class, while those of Thrushcross Grange were high up on the social ladder. The people of Wuthering Heights aspired to be on the same level as the Lintons. This is evident by Heathcliff and Catherine when the peek through their window. In addition, Wuthering Heights was always in a state of storminess while Thrushcross Grange always seemed calm.

Daniel Goleman Theory of Emotional Intelligence Essay

The cognition ability among humans is as varied as their physical abilities. However, one apparent fact is that they all possess some similar characteristics. Psychologists have often tried to understand humans by studying their behavior and explaining it in terms of sense cognition. As such, it has been argued that the way a person perceives and interprets his physical world, described and exhibited in behavior, is determined by intelligence. However, psychologists are not yet agreed on the exact definition of intelligence even though there are some agreed upon attributes that can be attached to the concept. The ability to comprehend complex ideas, handle situations effectively and reason is varied among humans. It is recognized that this variation is substantial but never consistent as an individual will exhibit different intellectual performance on different occasions. The concept of intelligence is thus aimed at rearranging and clarifying these complex phenomena. There has been progress with regard to rearranging and clarifying these complex phenomena even though they still do not command universal assent. Psychologists have often focused on cognitive aspects on their analysis of intelligence. In other words, emphasis has always been laid on such aspects like memory and problem solving skills. However, some psychologists recognize the importance of non-cognitive aspects in analyzing intelligence. In his definition, David Wechsler identifies such factors like rationality, purposeful action and ability to handle the environment effectively as the main features of intelligence. In his early works, Wechsler identified non-intellective as well as intellective aspects. By intellective and non-intellective aspects, he was referring to social, personal and affective factors. (Wechsler, 1940: 444-445) He further held that the possibility of success in life is dependent upon non-intellective abilities. In recent past, a new aspect has emerged with regard to intelligence and this has been motivated by the need to explain how emotions and thought impact on each other. It is thus in the interest of this paper to look at this aspect of intelligence which has gained prominence in the field of psychology. This new aspect is what has been referred to as emotional intelligence. In this paper, I will look at the development, theories and elements of emotional intelligence. What is Emotional Intelligence: Background The term emotional intelligence was coined by Salovey and Meyer in 1990. When they coined this term, they were well aware of the previous work by other psychologists on non-cognitive aspects of intelligence. In their description of emotional intelligence, Salovey and Meyer viewed it as the ability of an individual to guide his or her thinking and action through monitoring his or her feelings and emotions (and those of others) and compare them against his own. As such, they considered it a form of social intelligence. The study in this field of social intelligence emerged as a result of research in the field of cognition and affect. Research in this area also gained prominence as a result of works by other psychologists who pointed out that there could be a cognitive connection between mood and judgment. These psychologists suggested that there could be a possibility that when a person gets happy, for instance, he is bound to cognitively judge his past positively thus elevating his moods further. On the other hand, bad moods lead to negative thoughts thereby increasing or worsening the condition. Robert Zajonc (1980) suggested that in determining attitudes, feelings played a bigger role than cognition. His argument was that it is feelings which paid attention to the physical world. This view emanated from an empirical conception of human life. It is a widely held position that it is the senses that is responsible for feeding the brain with information for interpretation. This on the other hand affected or is affected by moods and memory. The influence of mood on memory was examined by Gordon Bower who described an activation model of memory. He observed that happy moods influenced happy thoughts while on the other hand, sad moods influenced sad thoughts. (Bower, 1981) According to him, if one was in the state of happiness, he is bound to view his past social actions positively which in turn stimulates positive thoughts. On the other hand, if one is sad, he is bound to view his past as a series of failures within the social realm thereby increasing his sadness. As such, the state of mind influences attitude and cognition. This analysis by Bower helped in the comprehension and explanation of many empirical aspects of emotional intelligence. Much contribution in the field of emotional intelligence was brought by Clerk and Fiske’s ‘Affect and Cognition’. A departure from research on the interaction between emotion and cognition was marked by the study of emotion and thought by social, personality and cognitive psychologists. The concept of defense mechanism by Sigmund Freud even though put emphasis on the pathological factors, also recognized and emphasized on the interaction between thought and emotion. The view that emotions prejudiced and disrupted thought was inherited when the cognition and affect literature surfaced. The idea that emotions and thought caused biasness went hand in hand with the idea that emotions could be adaptive for thought. This went on as inquiries into emotions and thought diverged from an emphasis on psychopathology to normal everyday thoughts and moods. The result was the idea that intelligence and emotions can integrate to perform complex information processing that either cannot manage independently. This was the development of the concept of emotional intelligence. Salovey and Mayer in their attempt to develop accurate and valid measures of emotional intelligence initiated a research program which was also meant to explore its significance. Daniel Goleman recognized their work which led to his formulation of the theory of emotional intelligence. Theories of Emotional Intelligence There is a general conception that emotion and intelligence are two distinct concepts which cannot integrate. As such, the term emotional intelligence appears as a contradiction. However, emotions often convey messages which can be processed. That is, they signal relations. This assumption makes the term sensible. Philosophers have often inquired into the nature and meaning of emotions and came into a conclusion that they define the relationship between an individual and other members of the society. As such, every emotion defines an individual’s relationship with himself and his relationship with others. There is a universality and regularity in the meaning of emotions. Comprehending the universal meaning of emotions was adopted by cognition and affect researchers. A system which defined joy as a positive feeling which comes after an assurance that an action will be rewarded and relief as a positive feeling which points to the absence of punishment was outlined by Roseman (1984). A similar approach was taken up by Ortony, Clore and Collins (1988) which defined joy as a â€Å"well being† emotion which comes as a result of self reaction to desirable occurrence. Emotional intelligence can be fragmented into four branches of abilities. These include perceiving and expressing emotions, integrating emotions in thoughts, comprehending and managing emotions. All these are important in the overall theory of emotional intelligence. Perceiving Emotions Accurate perception is the first step in emotional information processing. The system of emotional perception is a product of evolution built through time so as to facilitate communication between parent and child. The child therefore learns emotions from the mother. For instance, when the infant smiles, her mother reflects back the kind of face associated with smiling which in this case is contracting the cheek’s muscles. As a person grows, he learns to generalize patterns of how emotions are manifested in the physical realm which includes objects, artwork and even other people. For instance, a person may associate a relaxed shouldered posture with calmness. Emotional integration After the perception of an emotion, it has the capacity to influence cognition at various points of processing. Emotional integration thus focuses on the contributions that emotion makes in the reasoning process. Various suggestions have been put forward on how emotions may facilitate cognition. According to Easterbrook (1959), Mandler (1975) and Simon (1982), emotions provide an impulse to prioritization. (Tad. In John D. Mayer, Emotions, Intelligence and Emotional Intelligence. p. 420) For instance, someone in deep concentration in say, a movie is oblivious of the surrounding environment, even the couch he is seated on. Nonetheless, he may experience a growing sense of anxiety and on hearing the voices of children outside; he realizes that he is supposed to be in a psychology class. The interrupting anxiety to some extent is a second processing system independent of the central cognitive system. As such, it enables cognition to direct resources to a problem until and unless a competing response emerges. Another way through which emotions help cognition is by functioning as a secondary store about emotions themselves. For instance, if an artist wants to paint suffering, he reflects back on an experience or scene of suffering and recreates the feeling. The act of mood cycling or mood switching is another way through which emotions contribute to intelligence. Cognitive system is often refreshed by mood alterations. These mood alterations have a consequence of bringing various emotional tools to handle a particular problem. According to Mayer, a shift in judgment through increasing motivational direction may enhance functioning. (Ibid. 421) A cycling of moods also provides different perspectives on a subject or problem thereby enhancing creativity. Mood can also assist intelligence by providing implicit information on past experiences. As such they act as references in decision making processes. For instance, one may have some facts on a given event but still would not be in a position to choose which of his alternatives is best for him. As such, he reflects back on his feelings towards those alternatives. Emotions thus summarize these past experiences. Comprehending Emotion The closest branch to traditional intelligence is understanding emotions. The hypothesis is that there exists a mental processor whose main function is to understand, abstract and reason about emotional data. Labeling feelings and understanding what they represent are just but part of this processing. For instance, one may label a feeling love. As such, he or she recognizes that love reflects upon relationship with other people. Emotion Management This is the final branch to emotional intelligence model. It involves the management of emotions for personal development and growth. For instance, an informative emotion enables one to gather information about his environment, especially the social environment, if one opens himself for such information. People open to sadness will best understand the painful conditions which man has to grapple with in the course of existence. This also enhances the good in the sense that one may not be in the position to appreciate blessings if he doe not understand the difficulties in life. For instance, after sacrificing ones time to study hard, he may achieve happiness when he graduates with a first class honors. However, openness is not the end of management. The knowledge gained from perceiving, integrating and understanding emotional dispositions must be put into practical use in order to maximize emotional management. In other words, it is through perceiving and understanding emotions that one knows the consequences of experiencing them or blocking them. The theory has left open the way in which emotional intelligence manage emotions. Intelligence enables one to explore and evaluate possibilities with their own goals in mind. Even though one may hope that many people manage their emotions well, emotionally intelligent individuals at times manage their feelings negatively. Discussion The foundations of the new theory of emotional intelligence are based on the field of cognition and affect. As inquiries were made on how thoughts were altered by emotions by cognition and affect researchers, a shift emerged from the clinical researchers who emphasized on how thoughts were pathologized by emotions. Normalization of such phenomena was started by the cognition and affect researchers who who found them in everyday human behavior. The focus of emotional intelligence was thus how emotions and intelligence facilitate each other mutually in order to create a high level of emotional information processing and a higher level of thought. A model of emotional intelligence was formulated which viewed it as a form of intelligence mainly concerned with processing emotional signals related to relationships. As such, emotional intelligence is concerned with the capacity to consider emotions rationally for better management. Measuring Emotional Intelligence The assessment of intelligence is done entirely by ability tests. As observed earlier, theoretical model construction and measurement procedures are involved in the development of emotional intelligence. Individuals who take ability tests are subjected to relevant mental tasks within a controlled environment. This is meant to measure their optimum mental performance. However, the examination of many different skills which may be tied to intelligence is a requirement for the establishment of intelligence. This is so because the existence of intelligence is based upon the intercorrelation between skills which also develop with age. The Value of Emotional Intelligence When people are confronted with setbacks or failure, they tend to make some causal attributions. Optimists tend to make external attributions that are temporary and specific while pessimists make internal attributions which are universal and permanent. This is according to learned optimism construct developed by Martin Seligman. In a research carried among salesmen by Seligman and his colleague, they found that optimistic new salesmen sold more insurance in their first years than the pessimistic ones. When the company hired another group of individuals who failed normal screening but scored high on optimism, the made more sales than the pessimists by 21 per cent. (Schulman, 1995). an aspect of emotional intelligence which has exhibited much success is the ability to handle stress and manage feelings. Tests of Emotional Intelligence According to Goleman, even though entry level executive positions require technical skills and IQ, high emotional intelligence is an integral part of high performance leadership. A simple emotional test based on theories by Goleman can help identify emotional intelligence and leadership. As such, one may establish his emotional intelligence through the use of emotional intelligence test so long as it is based firmly on emotional intelligence theory. A happier and more balanced lifestyle can be achieved by an awareness of ones emotional abilities which may also help in improving his emotional intelligence. Rating of ones ability to regulate his emotions in a balanced and healthy manner can be achieved through emotional intelligence tests. After the completion of the test, an individual is in a better position to comprehend his greatest emotional strengths and weaknesses which enables him to evaluate his aptitude in every emotional category. Emotional intelligence theory is also important in identifying the emotional intelligence of a child which provides abase for emotional intelligence training. Developing emotional intelligence skills require that one is in a position to identify his emotional intelligence strengths and weaknesses. References Bower, G. , H, (1981) Mood and Memory. American Psychologist. 36, 129-148 ed. John D. Mayer, Emotions, Intelligence and Emotional Intelligence. p. 420 Goleman D. (1995) Emotional Intelligence. New York: Bantam Mayer, J. & Salovey, P. Choosing a Measure of Emotional Intelligence: The Case for Ability Scales. In R. Ban-On Handbook for Emotional Intelligence. Guilford Wechsler, D. (1940) Non intellective Factors in General Intelligence, Psychological Bulletin, 37, 444-445 Zajonc, R. , B. , (1980) Feeling and Thinking: References Need No Inferences. American Psychologist, 35, 151-175

Personal experience in the war in Counter- Attack Essay

By considering one of the poems that you have read, explain how the poet presents their view of the conflict – ‘Counter-Attack’ Siegfried Sassoon presents his personal experience in the war in ‘Counter- Attack’ with raw brutal imagery of the battlefield, the numerous sensory feelings provoking terror and outrage at the war, coupled with the stark contrast of report-like statements to ultimately convey the futility of the conflict, and the massive waste of life. Sassoon immediately establishes the sense of emotional detachment in the conflict; the opening lines simply state that they had ‘gained (their) first objective hours before’, provoking horror at the fact that soldiers were forced to fight in inhumane conditions and ultimately were made to detach themselves from the terror of watching their friends being murdered. A semi-omniscient narration is maintained to establish the collective horror of the war, the fact that all soldiers would almost always face the same fate as the previous had and remains set throughout the poem as the contrast to the emotional detachment presented. The poet describes how at first even before the attack begins the soldiers are already ‘blind with smoke’, yet they are made to continue to work as soon as ‘dawn’ begins; all the soldiers are immediately forced to join in with the ‘clink of shovels’, a sign of the hard conditions of living in the trenches, while the militaristic onomatopoeia coincides with the perceived orderliness, such as the ‘bombers posted’ and ‘Lewis guns well placed’. The poet therefore establishes the horror of the almost methodical methods to which the war was fought, and that the death that would come later made to seem almost mechanical. Sassoon also emphasises that these soldiers are simply normal men, many whom are young and forced to fight when he describes how prior to the counter-attack, there was ‘a yawning soldier [kneeling] across the bank’; in order to keep their morale up, they are forced to become sardonic, sarcastically describing the weather as ‘the jolly old rain’, yet serving to reinforce the message that the conflict has forced people to become detached from their emotions and feelings. The horror of the battlefield is also clearly defined; Sassoon describes the average life in the trenches even before the counter-attack to be one ‘rotten with dead; green clumsy legs’. The use of ‘rotten’ inherently suggests that the battlefield is full of bodies, many of which are likely to be decomposing which only heightens the horror in which these soldiers must live their daily lives. They are in effect also forced to separate themselves from the sights; death is a normality in warfare, and the raw description of various soldiers ‘sprawled and grovelled’ along the trenches defines the sheer brutality they face. The men are reduced from strong, able men who were previously ‘high-booted’ to being helpless in the face of war, some even described as eventually dying ‘face downward’, a possible reference to the conflict only bringing doom to their lives. The battlefield is not only strewn with countless bodies, but also described as treacherous itself; the mud is personified as ‘sucking’ the fallen soldiers down into it with little remorse, creating a sense of the indignity of the soldiers’ deaths. The soldiers that are still alive are simply ‘[wallowing] like trodden sand-bags’, indication of the hopelessness and lack of control in the situation they face. They are also metaphorically ‘loosely-filled’, hinting possibly that these men are also physically as well as mentally exhausted, hence the soldier having ‘knelt’ against the bank. The sudden switch from the collection of soldiers to the single one in the second stanza points towards Sassoon’s idea of the wrongs of war; the stark reality that war costs numerous lives and each soldier is in effect a whole life, the one about to be lost in the war is as just as important. To describe the intensity of the conflict, the poet describes how this single soldier responds with such fear in that he becomes ‘mute in the clamour of shells’, simply reduced as he recoils from the initial shock of warfare. Yet rather than recovering from his initial shock, ultimately the soldier is described by Sassoon as helpless, as he ‘crouched and flinched, dizzy with galloping fear’, reduced almost to primal instinct when faced with such a large ‘strangled’ horror. The battlefield along with its weaponry ‘[spouts] dark earth and wire with gusts from hell’; the poet explains the terrible nature of the war, likened to hell wrecking its destruction onto the battlefield, and in the remnants of the carnage the soldier can only hear the ‘butchered, frantic gestures of the dead’ – an oxymoron to establish the fact that death on the battlefield is so sudden and brutal it is literally incomprehensible. Sassoon’s view of the conflict is described as being ultimately futile; the first stanza already indicates that there are numerous ‘bulged, clotted heads’ scattered throughout, grotesque imagery that also provides an ominous undertone to the counter-attack. These bodies are also described as ‘[sleeping]’ rather than the stark reality that they are dead, pointing to the normality of the situation. To add further to the futility, even the officer of the trench is ‘blundering’, somewhat dark comedy in the face of terrible times, and he continues only by ‘gasping and bawling’ in shock. In contrast to the ‘dead’ lifeless nature of the soldiers, it is the ammunition that is fully alive in this case; ‘bullets spat’ at them, ‘traversing sure as fate, and never a dud’, adding to the certainty of death in the conflict. The soldier Sassoon describes ultimately meets his fate in a spout of confusion indicated by the sudden ellipses in his thoughts: ‘and he remembered his rifle†¦rapid fire†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Notably the soldier himself cannot remember to hold onto his own rifle – shock is combined with futility in that the soldier cannot arm himself and is therefore helpless, akin to almost all the other soldiers in the trenches. His fate is one that ends with him having ‘[bled] to death’. Heavy consonants throughout the line along with repetition emphasise the futile nature in which he dies: ‘Down, and down, and down, he sank and drowned’. The poem establishes Sassoon’s opinion of the conflict being one filled with horror, forced emotional detachment and ultimately the underlying futility of the war in the soldiers’ confusion and the mechanical killing presented. The poem never aligns with any set line structure in order to add to this confusion, and the poem is closed with the simple factual statement ‘the counter-attack had failed’, in line with the opening line to create a contrast and show the real brutal nature of war: people become numbers rather than the real human beings presented in the second stanza.

Communication misunderstandings Essay

Communication misunderstandings happen all the time in business communications, and the consequences can range from annoying to terrible. Here are some simple rules to follow that can save you a world of trouble when communicating with colleagues and partners. Active listening Active listening is one of the best ways to effectively communicate with others. In fact, when we actually listen, misunderstanding is less likely to occur. Active listening is all about building rapport, understanding, and trust. Face the speaker, maintain eye contact, keep an open mind, engage yourself. Ask question Avoid making assumptions based on prejudiced opinions. Ask questions to confirm, whether you are the one sending or receiving the message. Never assume that you know what has been conveyed. If someone conveys a message that is unclear, ask for more clarification Be Aware of Your Verbal and Non-Verbal Language Be certain to clearly convey the same verbal and non-verbal cues. Do not give mixed communication signals. Remember, body language, facial expressions, and tone of speech play a significant part in how messages will be interpreted. For example, if you say something one way, and your facial expression says something else, it is very possible that a miscommunication may occur. Build, rapport the relationship Build rapport when you develop mutual trust, friendship, and empathy with someone. Building rapport can be incredibly beneficial to your career – it opens doors and helps establish good relationships with clients, colleagues, and team members. Manage the conflict situation Learn to resolve problems and conflicts as they arise. Learn how to be an  effective mediator and negotiator. Use your listening skills to hear and understand both sides of any argument – encourage and facilitate people to talk to each other. Try not to be judgemental but instead ease the way for conflict resolution Provide constructive feedback †¢Constructive feedback refers to providing a person with useful information about their approach, skills and/or actions in order to encourage professional and personal development. It includes both what a person is doing well and what they need to improve. you can avoid misunderstandings and check to make sure that your communication is clear. Constructive feedback motivates many who use it to change their behavior, study new things, or adopt new attitudes. The summary is also an opportunity to show your support for the other person and an effective way to conclude even a negative feedback situation on a positive note. If communicating with a person from another culture, become familiar with the needs, cultural expectations and language level of the person. have self-awareness of their own cultural practice, including prejudice, stereotyping and bias understand various cultural factors contributing to cultural differences be sensitive and appreciate a migrant’s migration experience have a good knowledge of, and skills in, communication be able to work with interpreters be willing to accept and appreciate other cultures. Communication channel Channels vary in their information richness. Information-rich channels convey more nonverbal information. As you may be able to guess from our earlier discussion of verbal and written communications, verbal communications are richer than written ones. Research shows that effective managers tend to use more information-rich communication channels than less effective managers. [1]The figure below illustrates the information richness of different information channels. Like face-to-face and telephone  conversation, videoconferencing has high information richness because Receivers and Senders can see or hear beyond just the words—they can see the Sender’s body language or hear the tone of their voice. Handheld devices, blogs, and written letters and memos offer medium-rich channels because they convey words and pictures/photos. Formal written documents, such as legal documents, and spreadsheets, such as the division’s budget, convey the least richness because the format is often rigid and standardized. As a result, nuance is lost. In business, the decision to communicate verbally or in written form can be powerful. In addition, a smart manager is aware of the nonverbal messages conveyed by either type of communication—as noted earlier, only 7% of a verbal communication comes from the words themselves. When determining whether to communicate verbally or in writing, ask yourself:Do I want to convey facts or feelings? Verbal communications are a better way to convey feelings. Written communications do a better job of conveying facts. A breakdown in the communication channel leads to an inefficient flow of information. Employees are unaware of what the company expects of them. They are uninformed of what is going on in the company. This will cause them to become doubtful of motives and any changes in the company. Also without effective communication, employees become department minded rather than company minded, and this affects their decision-making and productivity in the workplace. Eventually, this harms the overall organizational objectives as well. Hence, in order for an organization to be run effectively, a good manager should be able to communicate to his/her employees what is expected of them, make sure they are fully aware of company policies and any upcoming changes. Therefore, an effective communication channel should be implemented by managers to optimize worker productivity to ensure the smooth running of the organization. The key to effective communication is to match the communication channel with  the goal of the communication. [3] For example, written media may be a better choice when the Sender wants a record of the content, has less urgency for a response, is physically separated from the Receiver, doesn’t require a lot of feedback from the Receiver, or the Message is complicated and may take some time to understand. Oral communication, however, makes more sense when the Sender is conveying a sensitive or emotional Message, needs feedback immediately, and does not need a permanent record of the conversation. Use the guide provided for deciding when to use written versus verbal communication.